Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, Guillem Colom Building Campus, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
Br J Nutr. 2010 Jun;103(11):1657-64. doi: 10.1017/S0007114509993576. Epub 2010 Jan 21.
The aim of the present work was to assess the prevalence of the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) in Balearic Islands adolescents, and socio-demographic and lifestyle factors that might determine adherence to the MDP. A cross-sectional nutritional survey was carried out in the Balearic Islands between 2007 and 2008. A random sample (n 1231) of the adolescent population (12-17 years old) was interviewed. Dietary questionnaires and a general questionnaire incorporating questions related to socio-economic status, parental education level and lifestyle factors were used. Dietary habits were assessed by means of two 24 h recalls and a quantitative FFQ. Adherence to the MDP was defined according to a score constructed considering the consumption of nine MDP characteristic components: high MUFA:SFA ratio, moderate ethanol consumption, high legumes, cereals and roots, fruits, vegetables and fish consumption, and low consumption of meat and milk. Then, socio-demographic, lifestyle and health status variables that could determine a higher or ower adherence were assessed. The mean adherence was 57.9 (sd 8.9) % and the median adherence was 57.3 %. Half of the Balearic Islands adolescents (50.5 %) showed an adherence to the MDP comprised between 52.7 and 62.8 %. By multivariate analyses, a high maternal level of education, increased physical activity, reduced alcohol intake and abstinence from smoking were independent associations of better adherence to the MDP. The promotion of not only the MDP but also the Mediterranean lifestyle, including greater physical activity, should be reinforced among the Balearic younger generations.
本研究旨在评估巴利阿里群岛青少年地中海饮食模式（MDP）的流行情况，以及可能决定其对 MDP 依从性的社会人口学和生活方式因素。2007 年至 2008 年期间，在巴利阿里群岛进行了一项横断面营养调查。对青少年人群（12-17 岁）进行了随机抽样（n=1231）访谈。使用饮食问卷和包含社会经济地位、父母教育程度和生活方式因素问题的综合问卷。通过两次 24 小时回顾和定量食物频率问卷评估饮食习惯。根据考虑到九个 MDP 特征成分（高 MUFA：SFA 比、适量饮酒、高豆类、谷物和根茎、水果、蔬菜和鱼类消费以及低肉类和牛奶消费）的消费情况构建的得分来定义对 MDP 的依从性。然后，评估了可能决定更高或更低依从性的社会人口学、生活方式和健康状况变量。平均依从率为 57.9（sd 8.9）%，中位数依从率为 57.3%。巴利阿里群岛一半的青少年（50.5%）表现出 52.7%至 62.8%之间的 MDP 依从性。通过多变量分析，母亲较高的教育水平、增加的身体活动、减少的酒精摄入和戒烟是更好地依从 MDP 的独立关联因素。应该在巴利阿里群岛的年轻一代中加强不仅是 MDP 而且是地中海生活方式的推广，包括更多的身体活动。
