Tur Josep A, Romaguera Dora, Pons Antoni
Laboratory of Physical Activity Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
Br J Nutr. 2004 Sep;92(3):341-6. doi: 10.1079/bjn20041209.
The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) in the population of the Balearic Islands and socio-demographic and lifestyle factors that might determine adherence to the MDP. A cross-sectional nutritional survey was carried out in the Balearic Islands between 1999 and 2000. A random sample (n 1200) of the adult population (16-65 years) was interviewed. Dietary questionnaires incorporating questions related to socio-economic status, education level, lifestyle factors and health status were utilised. Dietary habits were assessed by means of two 24 h recalls, and a quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Adherence to the MDP was defined according to a score constructed considering the consumption of nine MDP characteristic components: high MUFA:saturated fatty acids ratio, moderate ethanol consumption, high legumes, cereals and roots, fruits, vegetables, and fish consumption, and low consumption of meat and milk. Then, socio-demographic, lifestyle and health status variables that could determine a higher or lower adherence were assessed. Adherence to the MDP among the population of the Balearic Islands was found to be 43.1 (sd 5.8)%, and was similar in all socio-demographic and lifestyle groups, with some differences according to age, sex and physical status. There was an increase in the percentage of adherence with age, which was greater in males than in females. A more physically active lifestyle was associated with a higher adherence to the MDP. The promotion of the Mediterranean lifestyle, including the MDP and greater physical activity, should be reinforced in the population of the Balearic Islands and especially in the younger generations.
本研究的目的是评估巴利阿里群岛人群中地中海饮食模式（MDP）的流行情况，以及可能决定对MDP依从性的社会人口学和生活方式因素。1999年至2000年期间在巴利阿里群岛进行了一项横断面营养调查。对成年人群（16 - 65岁）的随机样本（n = 1200）进行了访谈。使用了包含与社会经济地位、教育水平、生活方式因素和健康状况相关问题的饮食问卷。通过两次24小时回忆法和一份定量食物频率问卷来评估饮食习惯。根据考虑九种MDP特征成分摄入量构建的分数来定义对MDP的依从性：高单不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸比例、适度饮酒、大量摄入豆类、谷物和块根类、水果、蔬菜和鱼类，以及少量摄入肉类和奶类。然后，评估可能决定较高或较低依从性的社会人口学、生活方式和健康状况变量。发现巴利阿里群岛人群中对MDP的依从性为43.1（标准差5.8）%，在所有社会人口学和生活方式群体中相似，但根据年龄、性别和身体状况存在一些差异。依从性百分比随年龄增加，男性高于女性。更积极的生活方式与对MDP的更高依从性相关。应在巴利阿里群岛人群中，特别是年轻一代中加强推广包括MDP和更多身体活动在内的地中海生活方式。
