National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Eur J Public Health. 2011 Feb;21(1):35-42. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckp233. Epub 2010 Jan 20.
Food habits and their socio-economic differences in Russia have rarely been compared to those in western countries. Our aim was to determine socio-economic differences and their changes in the consumption of vegetables, fruit and berries in two neighbouring areas: the district of Pitkäranta in the Republic of Karelia, Russia, and North Karelia, Finland.
Cross-sectional risk factor surveys in Pitkäranta, in 1992, 1997, 2002 and 2007 (1144 men, 1528 women) and in North Karelia, in 1992, 1997 and 2002 (2049 men, 2316 women), were carried out. Data collected with a self-administered questionnaire were analysed with logistic regression.
The consumption of fruit and vegetables was more common in North Karelia than in Pitkäranta, but increased markedly in Pitkäranta from 1992 to 2007. In Pitkäranta, women, and in North Karelia both men and women with higher education ate fresh vegetables more often than those with a lower education. In both areas, daily consumption of fruit tended to be more common among subjects with a higher education. In Pitkäranta, there were virtually no differences by employment status. In North Karelia, vegetable consumption was less common among the unemployed than the employed subjects. Only minor socio-economic differences in berry consumption were observed. The educational differences in vegetable consumption seemed to widen in Pitkäranta and narrow in North Karelia.
A converging trend was observed, with the Russian consumption levels and socio-economic differences starting to approach those observed in Finland. This may be partly explained by the improvements in availability and affordability of fruit and vegetables in Pitkäranta.
俄罗斯的饮食习惯及其与社会经济差异的关系很少与西方国家进行比较。我们的目的是确定俄罗斯卡累利阿边区皮塔卡区和芬兰北卡累利阿两个邻近地区的蔬菜、水果和浆果消费的社会经济差异及其变化。
在皮塔卡区于 1992 年、1997 年、2002 年和 2007 年（男性 1144 人，女性 1528 人）以及在北卡累利阿于 1992 年、1997 年和 2002 年（男性 2049 人，女性 2316 人）进行了横断面危险因素调查。使用自我管理问卷收集的数据进行逻辑回归分析。
在北卡累利阿，水果和蔬菜的消费比皮塔卡区更为普遍，但皮塔卡区的消费在 1992 年至 2007 年间显著增加。在皮塔卡区，女性和北卡累利阿的高学历者比低学历者更常食用新鲜蔬菜。在两个地区，学历较高者每天食用水果的比例往往更高。在皮塔卡区，就业状况对蔬菜消费几乎没有影响。在北卡累利阿，失业者比就业者食用蔬菜的比例较低。浆果消费的社会经济差异较小。皮塔卡区蔬菜消费的教育差异似乎在扩大，而北卡累利阿的则在缩小。
观察到一个趋同的趋势，俄罗斯的消费水平和社会经济差异开始接近芬兰的水平。这可能部分归因于皮塔卡区水果和蔬菜供应和可负担性的改善。
