Stefler Denes, Pajak Andrzej, Malyutina Sofia, Kubinova Ruzena, Bobak Martin, Brunner Eric J
1 Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
2 Department of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
Eur J Public Health. 2016 Aug;26(4):628-34. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv216. Epub 2015 Dec 4.
Differences in dietary habits have been suggested as an important reason for the large health gap between Eastern and Western European populations. Few studies have compared individual-level nutritional data directly between the two regions. This study addresses this hypothesis by comparing food, drink and nutrient intakes in four large population samples.
Czech, Polish and Russian participants of the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) study, and British participants in the Whitehall II study, altogether 29 972 individuals aged 45-73 years, were surveyed in 2002-2005. Dietary data were collected by customised food frequency questionnaires. Reported food, drink and nutrient intake data were harmonised and compared between cohorts using multivariable adjusted quantile regression models.
Median fruit and vegetable intakes were lower in the pooled Eastern European sample, but not in all country cohorts, compared with British subjects. Median daily consumption of fruits were 275, 213, 130 and 256 g in the Czech, Polish, Russian and Whitehall II cohort, respectively. The respective median daily intakes of vegetables were 185, 197, 292 and 246 g. Median intakes of animal fat foods and saturated fat, total fat and cholesterol nutrients were significantly higher in the Czech, Polish and Russian cohorts compared with the British; for example, median daily intakes of saturated fatty acids were 31.3, 32.5, 29.2 and 25.4 g, respectively.
Our findings suggest that there are important differences in dietary habits between and within Eastern and Western European populations which may have contributed to the health gap between the two regions.
饮食习惯的差异被认为是东欧和西欧人群健康差距巨大的一个重要原因。很少有研究直接比较这两个地区个体层面的营养数据。本研究通过比较四个大型人群样本的食物、饮料和营养摄入量来验证这一假设。
2002年至2005年期间，对东欧健康、酒精与社会心理因素（HAPIEE）研究中的捷克、波兰和俄罗斯参与者，以及白厅II研究中的英国参与者进行了调查，共有29972名年龄在45至73岁之间的个体。通过定制的食物频率问卷收集饮食数据。使用多变量调整分位数回归模型对各队列报告的食物、饮料和营养摄入数据进行统一和比较。
与英国受试者相比，合并后的东欧样本中水果和蔬菜的摄入量中位数较低，但并非所有国家队列都是如此。捷克、波兰、俄罗斯和白厅II队列中水果的每日摄入量中位数分别为275克、213克、130克和256克。蔬菜的每日摄入量中位数分别为185克、197克、292克和246克。与英国队列相比，捷克、波兰和俄罗斯队列中动物脂肪食物以及饱和脂肪、总脂肪和胆固醇营养素的摄入量中位数显著更高；例如，饱和脂肪酸的每日摄入量中位数分别为31.3克、32.5克、29.2克和25.4克。
我们的研究结果表明，东欧和西欧人群之间以及内部的饮食习惯存在重要差异，这可能导致了两个地区之间的健康差距。
