Center for Marine Biomedical and Biotechnology Research, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL, USA.
ISME J. 2010 May;4(5):686-99. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2009.149. Epub 2010 Jan 21.
Marine sediments and sponges may show steep variations in redox potential, providing niches for both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Geodia spp. and sediment specimens from the Straits of Florida were fixed using paraformaldehyde and 95% ethanol (v/v) for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In addition, homogenates of sponge and sediment samples were incubated anaerobically on various cysteine supplemented agars. FISH analysis showed a prominent similarity of microbiota in sediments and Geodia spp. samples. Furthermore, the presence of sulfate-reducing and annamox bacteria as well as other obligate anaerobic microorganisms in both Geodia spp. and sediment samples were also confirmed. Anaerobic cultures obtained from the homogenates allowed the isolation of a variety of facultative anaerobes, primarily Bacillus spp. and Vibrio spp. Obligate anaerobes such as Desulfovibrio spp. and Clostridium spp. were also found. We also provide the first evidence for a culturable marine member of the Chloroflexi, which may enter into symbiotic relationships with deep-water sponges such as Geodia spp. Resuspended sediment particles, may provide a source of microorganisms able to associate or form a symbiotic relationship with sponges.
海洋沉积物和海绵可能表现出氧化还原电位的剧烈变化，为好氧和厌氧微生物提供了小生境。采用多聚甲醛和 95%乙醇（v/v）固定佛罗里达海峡的 Geodia spp. 和沉积物标本，用于荧光原位杂交（FISH）。此外，还将海绵和沉积物样本的匀浆在各种添加半胱氨酸的琼脂上进行厌氧孵育。FISH 分析表明，沉积物和 Geodia spp. 样本中的微生物群落具有显著的相似性。此外，还证实了硫酸盐还原菌和厌氧氨氧化菌以及其他专性厌氧菌在 Geodia spp. 和沉积物样本中的存在。从匀浆中获得的厌氧培养物允许分离出多种兼性厌氧菌，主要是芽孢杆菌属和弧菌属。还发现了专性厌氧菌，如脱硫弧菌属和梭菌属。我们还首次提供了可培养的海洋绿弯菌门成员的证据，该成员可能与深海海绵（如 Geodia spp.）形成共生关系。再悬浮的沉积物颗粒可能为能够与海绵相关联或形成共生关系的微生物提供来源。
