Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR.ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy.
Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, National Institute of Biology, Sicily Marine Centre, Department Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Villa Pace, Contrada Porticatello 29, 98167 Messina, Italy.
Mar Drugs. 2022 Sep 29;20(10):617. doi: 10.3390/md20100617.
Microbe-invertebrate associations, commonly occurring in nature, play a fundamental role in the life of symbionts, even in hostile habitats, assuming a key importance for both ecological and evolutionary studies and relevance in biotechnology. Extreme environments have emerged as a new frontier in natural product chemistry in the search for novel chemotypes of microbial origin with significant biological activities. However, to date, the main focus has been microbes from sediment and seawater, whereas those associated with biota have received significantly less attention. This review has been therefore conceived to summarize the main information on invertebrate-bacteria associations that are established in extreme marine environments. After a brief overview of currently known extreme marine environments and their main characteristics, a report on the associations between extremophilic microorganisms and macrobenthic organisms in such hostile habitats is provided. The second part of the review deals with biotechnologically relevant bioactive molecules involved in establishing and maintaining symbiotic associations.
微生物-无脊椎动物的共生关系在自然界中普遍存在，对共生体的生命起着至关重要的作用，即使在恶劣的生境中也是如此，它们在生态和进化研究中具有重要意义，在生物技术方面也有相关性。在寻找具有显著生物活性的微生物源新型化学型的过程中，极端环境已成为天然产物化学的一个新前沿。然而，迄今为止，主要的关注点一直是沉积物和海水中的微生物，而与生物群相关的微生物则受到的关注要少得多。因此，本综述旨在总结在极端海洋环境中建立的无脊椎动物-细菌共生关系的主要信息。在简要概述了目前已知的极端海洋环境及其主要特征后，报告了在这些恶劣栖息地中，嗜极微生物与大型底栖生物之间的共生关系。综述的第二部分涉及参与建立和维持共生关系的生物技术相关的生物活性分子。
