Dorion Noëlle, Ben Jouira Hatem, Gallard Anthony, Hassanein Anber, Nassour Mazen, Grapin Agnès
Unité Mixte de Recherche GenHort (INRA, INH, University of Angers), Institut National d'Horticulture, Angers, France.
Methods Mol Biol. 2010;589:197-211. doi: 10.1007/978-1-60327-114-1_19.
Geraniums (Pelargonium spp.) are among the most popular bedding and pot plants (25% of the French domestic market). On one hand, as vegetatively propagated plants, Pelargonium are submitted to pathogen pressure. On the other hand, innovation via interspecific hybridisation faces some difficulties. In this chapter, the two first protocols (from seeds and meristems) explain how in vitro plants free of virus could be obtained. The development of this technique is the long-term preservation of genetic resources via meristem cryopreservation. The third protocol describes propagation of Pelargonium with limited risks of variation. This technique also allows the constitution and the maintenance of a plant-stock from which explants can be taken for other studies. The two last protocols describe plant regenerations from leaf discs and mesophyll protoplasts, used for gene transfer and somatic hybridisation. These protocols were established mainly with Pelargonium x hortorum cultivars, but we propose possible solutions for the other species: P. x peltatum, P. x domesticum, P. capitatum and P. graveolens.
天竺葵（天竺葵属）是最受欢迎的花坛植物和盆栽植物之一（占法国国内市场的25%）。一方面，作为无性繁殖植物，天竺葵面临病原体压力。另一方面，通过种间杂交进行创新面临一些困难。在本章中，前两个方案（从种子和分生组织开始）解释了如何获得无病毒的离体植物。这项技术的发展是通过分生组织冷冻保存来长期保存遗传资源。第三个方案描述了天竺葵的繁殖，变异风险有限。这项技术还允许构建和维持一个植物库，从中可以获取外植体用于其他研究。最后两个方案描述了从叶盘和叶肉原生质体再生植物，用于基因转移和体细胞杂交。这些方案主要是针对天竺葵品种建立的，但我们为其他物种提出了可能的解决方案：盾叶天竺葵、大花天竺葵、头花天竺葵和香叶天竺葵。
