Institute of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic.
Int J Biometeorol. 2010 Jan;54(1):99-111. doi: 10.1007/s00484-009-0259-7.
This study is based on 47 years of observations (1961-2007) on two common bird species, the Great Tit (Parus major) and the Collared Flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis), and a dominant tree species in their habitat, the English Oak (Quercus robur). The study took place at four research sites in the Czech Republic located in full-grown, multi-aged floodplain forests with no forestry management. An increase in air temperature over the evaluated period clearly influenced the length of phenological phases. The full foliage date of English Oak has advanced by 8.7 days during the past 47 years. Great Tit and Collared Flycatcher populations have reacted to the changing climate in the same way, with first laying date and mean laying date advancing by between 6.0 and 9.0 days. In all cases, the trends are highly significant and consistent over all sites. Despite the ongoing shift in phenological stages toward the beginning of the year, the change does not appear to have led to mistiming in the trophic food chain. Overall, this study shows almost identical rates of change in egg laying dates for both bird species in all the floodplain forests studied, and these trends are coherent with those of English Oak and peak herbivorous caterpillar activity.
本研究基于对两种常见鸟类（大山雀和红胸鸲）和它们栖息地的优势树种（英国栎）进行的 47 年观察（1961-2007 年）。该研究在捷克共和国的四个研究地点进行，这些地点位于未进行林业管理的成熟、多龄化洪泛林。在评估期内，空气温度的升高明显影响了物候阶段的长度。在过去的 47 年中，英国栎的全叶日期提前了 8.7 天。大山雀和红胸鸲种群对气候变化的反应方式相同，最早产卵日期和平均产卵日期提前了 6.0 至 9.0 天。在所有情况下，这些趋势在所有地点都是高度显著且一致的。尽管物候阶段持续向年初转移，但这种变化似乎并没有导致食物链中的营养错位。总的来说，这项研究表明，在所有研究的洪泛林地区，这两种鸟类的产卵日期都几乎以相同的速度发生变化，这些趋势与英国栎和高峰期食草性毛毛虫活动的趋势一致。
