Department of psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010 Feb;18 Suppl 1:S54-61. doi: 10.1038/oby.2009.432.
Changes in school nutrition and physical activity policies and environments are important to combat childhood obesity. Arkansas Act 1220 of 2003 was among the first and most comprehensive statewide legislative initiatives to combat childhood obesity through school-based change. Annual surveys of principals and superintendents have been analyzed to document substantial and important changes in school environments, policies, and practices. For example, results indicate that schools are more likely to require that healthy options be provided for student parties (4.5% in 2004, 36.9% in 2008; P <or= 0.0001) and concession stands (1.6% in 2004, 19.6% in 2008; P <or= 0.0001), ban commercial advertising by food or beverage companies (31.7% in 2005, 42.6% in 2008; P <or= 0.0001), and offer skim milk options for students in cafeterias (white milk: 26.1% in 2004, 41.0% in 2008, P <or= 0.0001; chocolate milk: 9.0% in 2004, 24.0% in 2008, P <or= 0.0001). They are less likely to have vending machines available during the lunch period (72.3% in 2004, 37.2% in 2008; P <or= 0.0001) and to include sodas in vending machines (83.8% in 2004, 73.5% in 2008; P <or= 0.0001). Other changes were noted in foods and beverages offered in the cafeteria, in classrooms, and at school events, as well as in fund-raising and physical activity practices. A significant number of school districts have modified physical education requirements for elementary schools and developed policies prohibiting the use of physical activity as a punishment. We conclude that Arkansas Act 1220 of 2003 is associated with a number of changes in school environments and policies, resulting from both statewide and local initiatives spawned by the Act.
学校营养和体育活动政策及环境的改变对于防治儿童肥胖非常重要。阿肯色州 2003 年的第 1220 号法案是最早也是最全面的全州范围的立法倡议之一，旨在通过学校改革来防治儿童肥胖。对校长和总监的年度调查进行了分析，以记录学校环境、政策和实践方面的重大和重要变化。例如，结果表明，学校更有可能要求为学生聚会（2004 年为 4.5%，2008 年为 36.9%；P≤0.0001）和小卖部（2004 年为 1.6%，2008 年为 19.6%；P≤0.0001）提供健康选择，禁止食品或饮料公司进行商业广告宣传（2005 年为 31.7%，2008 年为 42.6%；P≤0.0001），并在自助餐厅为学生提供脱脂牛奶（白牛奶：2004 年为 26.1%，2008 年为 41.0%，P≤0.0001；巧克力牛奶：2004 年为 9.0%，2008 年为 24.0%，P≤0.0001）。学校午餐期间提供自动售货机的可能性降低（2004 年为 72.3%，2008 年为 37.2%；P≤0.0001），自动售货机中包含苏打水的可能性降低（2004 年为 83.8%，2008 年为 73.5%；P≤0.0001）。还注意到自助餐厅、教室和学校活动中提供的食物和饮料，以及筹款和体育活动实践方面的变化。相当多的学区修改了小学体育教育要求，并制定了禁止将体育活动作为惩罚的政策。我们的结论是，2003 年的第 1220 号法案与学校环境和政策的一系列变化有关，这些变化源自该法案引发的全州和地方倡议。
