TNO, Child Health, P.O. Box 2215, 2301 CE Leiden, Netherlands.
J Sch Health. 2012 Mar;82(3):115-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2011.00674.x.
Vending machines account for food sales and revenue in schools. We examined 3 strategies for promoting the sale of lower-calorie food products from vending machines in high schools in the Netherlands.
A school-based randomized controlled trial was conducted in 13 experimental schools and 15 control schools. Three strategies were tested within each experimental school: increasing the availability of lower-calorie products in vending machines, labeling products, and reducing the price of lower-calorie products. The experimental schools introduced the strategies in 3 consecutive phases, with phase 3 incorporating all 3 strategies. The control schools remained the same. The sales volumes from the vending machines were registered. Products were grouped into (1) extra foods containing empty calories, for example, candies and potato chips, (2) nutrient-rich basic foods, and (3) beverages. They were also divided into favorable, moderately unfavorable, and unfavorable products.
Total sales volumes for experimental and control schools did not differ significantly for the extra and beverage products. Proportionally, the higher availability of lower-calorie extra products in the experimental schools led to higher sales of moderately unfavorable extra products than in the control schools, and to higher sales of favorable extra products in experimental schools where students have to stay during breaks. Together, availability, labeling, and price reduction raised the proportional sales of favorable beverages.
Results indicate that when the availability of lower-calorie foods is increased and is also combined with labeling and reduced prices, students make healthier choices without buying more or fewer products from school vending machines. Changes to school vending machines help to create a healthy school environment.
自动售货机在学校的食品销售和收入中占很大比例。我们研究了在荷兰高中通过自动售货机销售低卡路里食品的 3 种策略。
在 13 所实验学校和 15 所对照学校进行了基于学校的随机对照试验。在每所实验学校中测试了 3 种策略：增加自动售货机中低卡路里产品的供应、产品贴标签、降低低卡路里产品的价格。实验学校分 3 个连续阶段引入这些策略，第 3 阶段整合了所有 3 种策略。对照学校保持不变。登记自动售货机的销售量。将产品分为（1）含有空卡路里的额外食品，例如糖果和薯片，（2）营养丰富的基本食品，和（3）饮料。它们还分为有利、中等不利和不利产品。
实验学校和对照学校的额外食品和饮料产品的总销售量没有显著差异。比例上，实验学校低卡路里额外食品的供应增加导致中等不利的额外食品销售增加，而在课间学生必须留在学校的实验学校中，有利的额外食品销售也有所增加。总的来说，供应、标签和降价提高了有利饮料的销售比例。
结果表明，当增加低卡路里食品的供应，并结合标签和降价时，学生可以在不购买更多或更少学校自动售货机食品的情况下做出更健康的选择。对学校自动售货机的改变有助于创造一个健康的学校环境。
