Tien P K
Appl Opt. 1971 Nov 1;10(11):2395-413. doi: 10.1364/AO.10.002395.
Integrated optics is a far-reaching attempt to apply thin-film technology to optical circuits and devices, and, by using methods of integrated circuitry, to achieve a better and more economical optical system. The specific topics discussed here are physics of light waves in thin films, materials and losses involved, methods of couplings light beam into and out of a thin film, and nonlinear interactions in waveguide structures. The purpose of this paper is to review in some detail the important development of this new and fascinating field, and to caution the reader that the technology involved is difficult because of the smallness and perfection demanded by thin-film optical devices.
集成光学是将薄膜技术应用于光学电路和器件，并通过使用集成电路的方法来实现更好、更经济的光学系统的一项影响深远的尝试。这里讨论的具体主题包括薄膜中光波的物理学、所涉及的材料和损耗、将光束耦合进薄膜和从薄膜中耦合出的方法，以及波导结构中的非线性相互作用。本文的目的是较为详细地回顾这一崭新且迷人领域的重要进展，并提醒读者，由于薄膜光学器件所需的微小尺寸和完美程度，所涉及的技术难度较大。
