Stuebe Alison
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC.
Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Fall;2(4):222-31.
Health outcomes in developed countries differ substantially for mothers and infants who formula feed compared with those who breastfeed. For infants, not being breastfed is associated with an increased incidence of infectious morbidity, as well as elevated risks of childhood obesity, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, leukemia, and sudden infant death syndrome. For mothers, failure to breastfeed is associated with an increased incidence of premenopausal breast cancer, ovarian cancer, retained gestational weight gain, type 2 diabetes, myocardial infarction, and the metabolic syndrome. Obstetricians are uniquely positioned to counsel mothers about the health impact of breastfeeding and to ensure that mothers and infants receive appropriate, evidence-based care, starting at birth.
与母乳喂养的母亲和婴儿相比，发达国家中使用配方奶喂养的母亲和婴儿的健康结果存在显著差异。对于婴儿来说，非母乳喂养与感染性疾病发病率增加以及儿童肥胖、1型和2型糖尿病、白血病和婴儿猝死综合征风险升高有关。对于母亲而言，未能进行母乳喂养与绝经前乳腺癌、卵巢癌、孕期体重增加滞留、2型糖尿病、心肌梗死和代谢综合征的发病率增加有关。产科医生在为母亲提供关于母乳喂养对健康影响的咨询以及确保母亲和婴儿从出生起就获得适当的循证护理方面具有独特的地位。
