Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
Biomacromolecules. 2010 Mar 8;11(3):682-9. doi: 10.1021/bm901260y.
We present enhanced cell ingrowth and proliferation through cross-linked three-dimensional (3D) nanocomposite scaffolds fabricated using poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles. Scaffolds with controlled internal pore structures were produced from computer-aided design (CAD) models and solid freeform fabrication (SFF) technique, while those with random pore structures were fabricated by a NaCl leaching technique for comparison. The morphology and mechanical properties of scaffolds were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical testing, respectively. Pore interconnectivity of scaffolds was assessed using X-ray microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and 3D imaging analysis. In vitro cell studies have been performed using MC3T3-E1 mouse preosteoblasts and cultured scaffolds in a rotating-wall-vessel bioreactor for 4 and 7 days to assess cell attachment, viability, ingrowth depth, and proliferation. The mechanical properties of cross-linked nanocomposite scaffolds were not significantly different after adding HA or varying pore structures. However, pore interconnectivity of PPF/HA nanocomposite scaffolds with controlled pore structures has been significantly increased, resulting in enhanced cell ingrowth depth 7 days after cell seeding. Cell attachment and proliferation are also higher in PPF/HA nanocomposite scaffolds. These results suggest that cross-linked PPF/HA nanocomposite scaffolds with controlled pore structures may lead to promising bone tissue engineering scaffolds with excellent cell proliferation and ingrowth.
我们通过使用聚（反丁烯二酸）（PPF）和纳米羟基磷灰石（HA）制备交联的三维（3D）纳米复合支架，展示了增强的细胞内生长和增殖。具有受控内部孔结构的支架是从计算机辅助设计（CAD）模型和立体光固化（SFF）技术生产的，而具有随机孔结构的支架是通过氯化钠浸出技术制造的，用于比较。支架的形态和机械性能分别通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和机械测试进行了表征。使用 X 射线微计算机断层扫描（micro-CT）和 3D 成像分析评估了支架的孔连通性。使用 MC3T3-E1 小鼠前成骨细胞进行了体外细胞研究，并在旋转壁室生物反应器中培养了支架 4 天和 7 天，以评估细胞附着、活力、内生长深度和增殖。添加 HA 或改变孔结构后，交联纳米复合支架的机械性能没有显着差异。然而，具有受控孔结构的 PPF/HA 纳米复合支架的孔连通性显着增加，导致细胞接种后 7 天内细胞内生长深度增强。细胞附着和增殖在 PPF/HA 纳米复合支架中也更高。这些结果表明，具有受控孔结构的交联 PPF/HA 纳米复合支架可能会导致具有出色细胞增殖和内生长的有前途的骨组织工程支架。
