Hellenic Civil Aviation Authority, Rhodes/Diagoras Int. Airport ATC Department, Michail Petridi 78, 85100 Rhodes, Greece.
Appl Ergon. 2010 Jul;41(4):620-7. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2009.12.019. Epub 2010 Feb 1.
A lot of research in Air Traffic Control (ATC) has focused on human errors in decision making whilst little attention has been paid to the cognitive strategies employed by controllers in managing abnormal situations. This study looks into cognitive strategies in taskwork that enable controllers to become resilient decision-makers. Two field studies were carried out where novice and experienced controllers were observed in simulator training in emergency and unusual scenarios. A prototype model of taskwork strategies in air traffic management was developed and its construct validity was tested in the context of the field studies. A companion study (part II), follows that investigates aspects of teamwork in the same field and contributes to the development of a generic model of Taskwork & Teamwork strategies in Emergencies in Air traffic Management (T(2)EAM). The final section addresses the difficulties experienced by novice controllers and explains taskwork strategies employed by experts to manage uncertainty and balance workload in simulator emergencies.
许多空中交通管制（ATC）的研究都集中在决策中的人为错误上，而很少关注管制员在管理异常情况时所采用的认知策略。本研究探讨了任务工作中的认知策略，这些策略使管制员能够成为有弹性的决策者。进行了两项现场研究，观察了新手和经验丰富的管制员在紧急和异常情况下的模拟器培训。开发了一个空中交通管理任务工作策略原型模型，并在现场研究的背景下测试了其结构有效性。后续的一项配套研究（第二部分）调查了同一领域的团队合作方面，并为空中交通管理紧急情况下的任务工作和团队工作策略通用模型（T(2)EAM）的开发做出了贡献。最后一部分讨论了新手管制员所经历的困难，并解释了专家用来管理模拟紧急情况中的不确定性和平衡工作量的任务工作策略。
