Hellenic Civil Aviation Authority, Rhodes/Diagoras Int. Airport ATC Department, Michail Petridi 78, 85100 Rhodes, Greece.
Appl Ergon. 2010 Jul;41(4):628-35. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2009.12.018. Epub 2010 Feb 8.
Team performance has been studied in many safety-critical organizations including aviation, nuclear power plant, offshore oil platforms and health organizations. This study looks into teamwork strategies that air traffic controllers employ to manage emergencies and abnormal situations. Two field studies were carried out in the form of observations of simulator training in emergency and unusual scenarios of novices and experienced controllers. Teamwork strategies covered aspects of team orientation and coordination, information exchange, change management and error handling. Several performance metrics were used to rate the efficiency of teamwork and test the construct validity of a prototype model of teamwork. This is a companion study to an earlier investigation of taskwork strategies in the same field (part I) and contributes to the development of a generic model for Taskwork and Teamwork strategies in Emergencies in Air traffic Management (T(2)EAM). Suggestions are made on how to use T(2)EAM to develop training programs, assess team performance and improve mishap investigations.
团队绩效已经在许多安全关键型组织中进行了研究，包括航空、核电站、海上石油平台和医疗机构。本研究着眼于空中交通管制员在管理紧急情况和异常情况时采用的团队合作策略。进行了两项现场研究，形式为观察模拟培训中的新手和经验丰富的管制员在紧急和异常情况下的培训。团队合作策略涵盖了团队定位和协调、信息交流、变更管理和错误处理等方面。使用了几个绩效指标来评估团队合作的效率，并测试团队合作原型模型的结构有效性。这是对同一领域任务策略早期调查的一项补充研究（第一部分），有助于开发空中交通管理紧急情况下任务和团队合作策略的通用模型（T(2)EAM）。就如何使用 T(2)EAM 来开发培训计划、评估团队绩效和改进事故调查提出了建议。
