Chachava Scientific-Research Institute of Perinatal Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Early Hum Dev. 2010 Jul;86 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):67-71. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2010.01.018. Epub 2010 Feb 8.
During the course of mammalian evolution there has been a close relationship between microbes residing in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the mammalian host. Interactions of resident intestinal microbes with the luminal contents and the mucosal surface play important roles in normal intestinal development' nutrition and adaptive innate immunity. The GI tract of the premature infant has a large but fragile surface area covered by a thin monolayer of epithelial cells that overlies a highly immunoreactive submucosa. Interactions in the lumen between microbes, nutrients and the intestinal mucosa can range from a healthy homeostasis to an uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) that leads to multiple organ system failure and death. Recent advances in molecular microbiota analytic methodology that stem from advances in high throughput sequencing technology have provided us with the tools to determine the GI microbiota in great depth, including the nearly 80% of microbes in the intestine that are very difficult if not impossible to culture by current methodology. Application of these techniques to derive a better understanding of the developing intestinal ecosystem in the premature neonate may hold the key to understand and eventually prevent several important diseases including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and late onset neonatal sepsis that may be acquired via translocation through the GI tract.
在哺乳动物进化过程中，寄居在胃肠道（GI）中的微生物与哺乳动物宿主之间一直存在着密切的关系。驻留肠道微生物与腔内容物和黏膜表面的相互作用在正常肠道发育、营养和适应性先天免疫中发挥着重要作用。早产儿的胃肠道具有较大但脆弱的表面积，由一层覆盖在高度免疫反应性黏膜下层上的薄单层上皮细胞覆盖。微生物、营养物质和肠黏膜之间在腔中的相互作用范围可以从健康的体内平衡到不受控制的全身炎症反应综合征（SIRS），导致多器官系统衰竭和死亡。源自高通量测序技术进步的分子微生物群落分析方法的最新进展为我们提供了深入研究胃肠道微生物群落的工具，包括目前方法几乎无法培养的肠道中近 80%的微生物。应用这些技术来更好地了解早产儿发育中的肠道生态系统，可能是理解并最终预防几种重要疾病的关键，包括坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）和通过胃肠道易位获得的晚发性新生儿败血症。
