Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.
Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 14;7(1):8025. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08530-9.
The early postnatal period is the most dynamic and vulnerable stage in the assembly of intestinal microbiota. Antibiotics are commonly prescribed to newborn preterm babies and are frequently used for a prolonged duration in China. We hypothesized that the prolonged antibiotic therapy would affect the early development of intestinal microbiota and their metabolites. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the stool microbiota and metabolites in 36 preterm babies with or without antibiotic treatment. These babies were divided into three groups, including two groups treated with the combination of penicillin and moxalactam or piperacillin-tazobactam for 7 days, and the other group was free of antibiotics. Compared to the antibiotic-free group, both antibiotic-treated groups had distinct gut microbial communities and metabolites, including a reduction of bacterial diversity and an enrichment of harmful bacteria such as Streptococcus and Pseudomonas. In addition, there was a significant difference in the composition of gut microbiota and their metabolites between the two antibiotic-treated groups, where the piperacillin-tazobactam treatment group showed an overgrowth of Enterococcus. These findings suggest that prolonged antibiotic therapy affects the early development of gut microbiota in preterm infants, which should be considered when prescribing antibiotics for this population.
新生儿早期是肠道微生物群组装的最活跃和最脆弱的阶段。抗生素通常被开给早产儿，并在中国经常被长时间使用。我们假设长期抗生素治疗会影响肠道微生物群及其代谢物的早期发育。为了验证这一假设，我们分析了 36 名接受或未接受抗生素治疗的早产儿的粪便微生物群和代谢物。这些婴儿被分为三组，其中两组接受青霉素和莫西沙星或哌拉西林他唑巴坦联合治疗 7 天，另一组没有接受抗生素治疗。与无抗生素组相比，两组抗生素治疗组的肠道微生物群落和代谢物都有明显差异，包括细菌多样性减少和有害细菌（如链球菌和假单胞菌）富集。此外，两组抗生素治疗组的肠道微生物群落及其代谢物的组成也存在显著差异，哌拉西林他唑巴坦治疗组肠球菌过度生长。这些发现表明，长期抗生素治疗会影响早产儿肠道微生物群的早期发育，在为该人群开抗生素时应考虑这一点。
