Cefalu Paul
Department of English, Lafayette College, Easton, PA 18042, USA.
J Med Humanit. 2010 Jun;31(2):111-25. doi: 10.1007/s10912-010-9107-3.
Psychologists and cultural historians typically have argued that early modern theologians such as Martin Luther, John Bunyan, and Ignatius Loyola exhibited behavior that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV) classifies as a subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder termed "religious scrupulosity." This essay argues that, although early modern theologians do manifest scrupulosity, such religiosity was a culturally acceptable, even recommended component of spiritual progress, a necessary means of receiving an unmerited bestowal of God's grace. The larger aim of the essay is to point out some of the limitations of current DSM criteria when attempting retrospectively to diagnose historical figures with mental pathology.
心理学家和文化历史学家通常认为，诸如马丁·路德、约翰·班扬和伊格内修斯·罗耀拉等早期现代神学家表现出的行为，在《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》（第四版）中被归类为强迫症的一种亚型，称为“宗教顾虑”。本文认为，尽管早期现代神学家确实表现出顾虑，但这种宗教性是文化上可接受的，甚至是精神进步中被推荐的组成部分，是获得上帝恩赐的一种必要手段。本文的更大目标是指出当前《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》标准在试图追溯性地诊断历史人物精神病理学方面的一些局限性。
