Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
J Nutr. 2010 Mar;140(3):671S-6S. doi: 10.3945/jn.109.113779. Epub 2010 Feb 3.
Probiotic bacteria are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. There is a growing interest in probiotics within the scientific community, with consumers, and in the food industry. The interactions between the gut and intestinal microbiota and between resident and transient microbiota define a new arena in physiology, an understanding of which would shed light on the "cross-talk" between humans and microbes. The different beneficial effects of specific probiotic strains may be translated into different health claims. However, there is a need for comprehensive and harmonized guidelines on the assessment of the characteristics and efficacy of probiotics and of foods containing them. An international expert group of ILSI has evaluated the published evidence of the functionality of different probiotics in 4 areas of (human) application: 1) metabolism, 2) chronic intestinal inflammatory and functional disorders, 3) infections, and 4) allergy. Based on the existing evidence, concrete examples of demonstration of benefits and gaps are listed, and guidelines and recommendations are defined that should help design the next generation of probiotic studies.
益生菌是活的微生物，当以足够的量给予时，会给宿主带来健康益处。科学界、消费者和食品行业对益生菌越来越感兴趣。肠道和肠道微生物群之间以及常驻和短暂微生物群之间的相互作用定义了生理学的一个新领域，理解这一点将揭示人类和微生物之间的“交叉对话”。特定益生菌菌株的不同有益效果可能转化为不同的健康声称。然而，需要制定全面和协调的指南，以评估益生菌及其所含食品的特性和功效。国际生命科学学会联合会的一个国际专家组评估了不同益生菌在 4 个人类应用领域的功能的已发表证据：1）代谢；2）慢性肠道炎症和功能障碍；3）感染；4）过敏。基于现有证据，列出了具体的受益和差距示例，并定义了指南和建议，这些指南和建议应有助于设计下一代益生菌研究。
