INRA, UR 910 Ecology and Physiology of the Digestive Tract, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
J Nutr. 2010 Mar;140(3):677S-89S. doi: 10.3945/jn.109.113738. Epub 2010 Jan 27.
Probiotic bacteria have been studied for their potential impact on the metabolism of dietary components in the small intestine lumen including lactose digestion, metabolism of lipids such as cholesterol, and oxalate metabolism. In the large intestine, they contribute to the metabolism of otherwise indigestible dietary carbohydrates (e.g., prebiotics) and have a favorable effect on colonic protein and ammonia metabolism, although their effect on the digestive fate of phytochemicals and xenobiotics is still uncertain. Probiotics also influence metabolism in the host tissues, in particular the gastrointestinal mucosa and the liver. Underlying mechanisms include supply of additional enzymatic activities in the gut lumen and alterations of the composition or metabolic pattern of the gut resident microbiota. For future studies, selection of probiotic strains should include assessment of their metabolic activities, and the outcome of the intervention studies should also take into account the composition of the probiotic matrix and the background diet of the target population. New technologies such as metabolomics hold great promise for assessment of probiotics functionality.
益生菌已被研究其对小肠腔中膳食成分代谢的潜在影响，包括乳糖消化、胆固醇等脂质代谢和草酸盐代谢。在大肠中，它们有助于代谢原本不可消化的膳食碳水化合物（例如，益生元），并对结肠蛋白质和氨代谢有有利影响，尽管它们对植物化学物质和外源性化学物质的消化命运的影响仍不确定。益生菌还会影响宿主组织的代谢，特别是胃肠道黏膜和肝脏。潜在的机制包括在肠道腔内提供额外的酶活性，以及改变肠道常驻微生物群的组成或代谢模式。对于未来的研究，益生菌菌株的选择应包括评估其代谢活性，干预研究的结果还应考虑益生菌基质的组成和目标人群的基础饮食。代谢组学等新技术为评估益生菌功能提供了很大的希望。
