Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2010 Apr 1;408(9):2050-3. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.01.030. Epub 2010 Feb 6.
Septage is widely acknowledged as a major source of infectious pathogens while disposal of septage, and the operation and maintenance of septic tanks, is not regulated in many developing countries. Twenty untreated septage and septage sludge samples were taken from Can Tho City, Vietnam to examine their pathogen content, and indicator micro-organisms. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. were detected in all samples, regardless of sludge storage time. Phages were detected in 80% of samples. Salmonella spp. were detected in 70% of the untreated septage and 60% of septage sludge samples. Concentrations of phages and bacteria tested in septage sludge after many years of tank storage were much higher than the expected levels. Helminth ova were present in 95% of untreated septage samples with an average of 450 oval(-1), and were detected in all septage sludge samples with an average of 16,000 oval(-1). Twelve varieties of helminth ova were identified. More helminth ova varieties in higher concentrations were found in septage than those reported from stool samples. The varieties' frequency ranged from 10% to 50% and Ascaris lumbricoides predominated. Results show that pathogens and indicator micro-organisms, especially helminth ova, accumulate in sludge. Thus helminth ova should be considered when septage sludge is treated and used for agriculture. Proper health protection measures must be applied for people handling septage.
污水粪渣被广泛认为是传染性病原体的主要来源，而在许多发展中国家，污水粪渣的处理、以及化粪池的运行和维护都缺乏监管。本研究从越南芹苴市采集了 20 份未经处理的污水粪渣和污水粪渣污泥样本，以检测其病原体含量和指示微生物。所有样本均检测到大肠杆菌和肠球菌属，无论污泥储存时间如何。80%的样本中检测到噬菌体。未经处理的污水粪渣中有 70%和污水粪渣污泥中有 60%检测到沙门氏菌属。储存多年的污水粪渣污泥中的噬菌体和细菌浓度远高于预期水平。未经处理的污水粪渣样本中有 95%存在寄生虫卵，平均每 1 个有 450 个卵，所有污水粪渣污泥样本中均检测到寄生虫卵，平均每 1 个有 16,000 个卵。鉴定出 12 种寄生虫卵。未经处理的污水粪渣中发现的寄生虫卵种类更多，浓度更高，高于粪便样本中的报告。种类频率从 10%到 50%不等，以蛔虫为主。结果表明，病原体和指示微生物，特别是寄生虫卵，在污泥中积累。因此，在处理和用于农业时，应考虑将污水粪渣污泥中的寄生虫卵。处理污水粪渣的人员必须采取适当的健康保护措施。
