Faculty of Sport, University of Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.
J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Aug;25(8):2193-204. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e86132.
The purpose of this study was to quantify the magnitude of the relationship between vertical jumping and maximal sprinting at different distances with performance in the traditional and ballistic concentric squat exercise in well-trained sprinters. Twenty-one men performed 2 types of barbell squats (ballistic and traditional) across different loads with the aim of determining the maximal peak and average power outputs and 1 repetition maximum (1RM) values. Moreover, vertical jumping (countermovement jump test [CMJ]) and maximal sprints over 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 80 m were also assessed. In respect to 1RM in traditional squat, (a) no significant correlation was found with CMJ performance; (b) positive strong relationships (p < 0.01) were obtained with all the power measures obtained during both ballistic and traditional squat exercises (r = 0.53-0.90); (c) negative significant correlations (r = -0.49 to -0.59, p < 0.05) were found with sprint times in all the sprint distances measured when squat strength was expressed as a relative value; however, in the absolute mode, no significant relationships were observed with 10- and 20-m sprint times. No significant relationship was found between 10-m sprint time and relative or absolute power outputs using either ballistic or traditional squat exercises. Sprint time at 20 m was only related to ballistic and traditional squat performance when power values were expressed in relative terms. Moderate significant correlations (r = -0.39 to -0.56, p < 0.05) were observed between sprint times at 30 and 40 m and the absolute/relative power measures attained in both ballistic and traditional squat exercises. Sprint times at 60 and 80 m were mainly related to ballistic squat power outputs. Although correlations can only give insights into associations and not into cause and effect, from this investigation, it can be seen that traditional squat strength has little in common with CMJ performance and that relative 1RM and power outputs for both squat exercises are statistically correlated to most sprint distances underlying the importance of strength and power to sprinting.
这项研究的目的是量化垂直跳跃和最大冲刺距离与经过训练的短跑运动员在传统和弹道同心深蹲练习中的表现之间的关系程度。21 名男性进行了 2 种杠铃深蹲（弹道和传统），跨越不同的负荷，旨在确定最大峰值和平均功率输出以及 1 次重复最大值（1RM）值。此外，还评估了垂直跳跃（深蹲测试[CMJ]）和最大冲刺距离为 10、20、30、40、60 和 80 米。就传统深蹲的 1RM 而言：（a）与 CMJ 表现无显著相关性；（b）在弹道和传统深蹲练习中，与所有获得的功率测量值均呈正强相关（r = 0.53-0.90）；（c）当深蹲强度以相对值表示时，与所有测量的冲刺距离的冲刺时间呈负显著相关（r = -0.49 至 -0.59，p < 0.05），然而，在绝对值模式下，与 10-和 20 米冲刺时间无显著相关性。10 米冲刺时间与弹道或传统深蹲练习的相对或绝对功率输出均无显著关系。20 米冲刺时间仅与弹道和传统深蹲表现相关，当功率值以相对术语表示时。30 米和 40 米冲刺时间与弹道和传统深蹲练习中获得的绝对/相对功率测量值之间存在中度显著相关性（r = -0.39 至 -0.56，p < 0.05）。60 米和 80 米的冲刺时间主要与弹道深蹲功率输出有关。虽然相关性只能提供关联的见解，而不能提供因果关系，但从这项研究可以看出，传统深蹲强度与 CMJ 表现几乎没有共同之处，并且两种深蹲练习的相对 1RM 和功率输出与大多数冲刺距离在统计学上相关，这表明力量和力量对短跑的重要性。
