Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, and Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, USA.
J Abnorm Psychol. 2010 Feb;119(1):106-14. doi: 10.1037/a0017513.
A behavioral economic approach to alcohol use disorders (AUDs) emphasizes both individual and environmental determinants of alcohol use. The current study examined individual differences in alcohol demand (i.e., motivation for alcohol under escalating conditions of price) and delayed reward discounting (i.e., preference for immediate small rewards compared to delayed larger rewards) in 61 heavy drinkers (62% with an AUD). In addition, based on theoretical accounts that emphasize the role of craving in reward valuation and preferences for immediate rewards, craving for alcohol was also examined in relation to these behavioral economic variables and the alcohol-related variables. Intensity of alcohol demand and delayed reward discounting were significantly associated with AUD symptoms, but not with quantitative measures of alcohol use, and were also moderately correlated with each other. Likewise, craving was significantly associated with AUD symptoms, but not with alcohol use, and was also significantly correlated with both intensity of demand and delayed reward discounting. These findings further emphasize the relevance of behavioral economic indices of motivation to AUDs and the potential importance of craving for alcohol in this relationship.
一种行为经济学方法强调了酒精使用障碍（AUDs）的个体和环境决定因素。本研究在 61 名重度饮酒者（62%有 AUD）中检查了酒精需求（即在价格不断上涨的情况下对酒精的动机）和延迟奖励折扣（即与延迟较大奖励相比，对即时小奖励的偏好）的个体差异。此外，基于强调渴望在奖励评估和即时奖励偏好中的作用的理论观点，还检查了酒精渴望与这些行为经济学变量和与酒精相关的变量之间的关系。酒精需求的强度和延迟奖励折扣与 AUD 症状显著相关，但与酒精使用的定量测量无关，并且彼此中度相关。同样，渴望与 AUD 症状显著相关，但与酒精使用无关，并且与需求强度和延迟奖励折扣都显著相关。这些发现进一步强调了动机的行为经济学指标与 AUDs 的相关性，以及酒精渴望在这种关系中的潜在重要性。
