Grigoriou Ioanna, Skalisti Paschalia, Papagiouvanni Ioanna, Michailidou Anastasia, Charalampidis Konstantinos, Kotoulas Serafeim-Chrysovalantis, Porpodis Konstantinos, Spyratos Dionysios, Pataka Athanasia
Respiratory Failure Clinic, Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Jan 10;11(2):205. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11020205.
The relationship between smoking and sleep disorders has not been investigated sufficiently yet. Many aspects, especially regarding non-obstructive sleep apnea−hypopnea (OSA)-related disorders, are still to be addressed. All adult patients who visited a tertiary sleep clinic and provided information about their smoking history were included in this cross-sectional study. In total, 4347 patients were divided into current, former and never smokers, while current and former smokers were also grouped, forming a group of ever smokers. Sleep-related characteristics, derived from questionnaires and sleep studies, were compared between those groups. Ever smokers presented with significantly greater body mass index (BMI), neck and waist circumference and with increased frequency of metabolic and cardiovascular co-morbidities compared to never smokers. They also presented significantly higher apnea−hypopnea index (AHI) compared to never smokers (34.4 ± 24.6 events/h vs. 31.7 ± 23.6 events/h, p < 0.001) and were diagnosed more frequently with severe and moderate OSA (50.3% vs. 46.9% and 26.2% vs. 24.8% respectively). Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) (p = 0.13) did not differ between groups. Ever smokers, compared to never smokers, presented more frequent episodes of sleep talking (30.8% vs. 26.6%, p = 0.004), abnormal movements (31.1% vs. 27.7%, p = 0.021), restless sleep (59.1% vs. 51.6%, p < 0.001) and leg movements (p = 0.002) during sleep. Those were more evident in current smokers and correlated significantly with increasing AHI. These significant findings suggest the existence of a smoking-induced disturbed sleep pattern.
吸烟与睡眠障碍之间的关系尚未得到充分研究。许多方面，尤其是与非阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气（OSA）相关的疾病，仍有待探讨。本横断面研究纳入了所有前往三级睡眠诊所就诊并提供吸烟史信息的成年患者。总共4347名患者被分为当前吸烟者、既往吸烟者和从不吸烟者，而当前吸烟者和既往吸烟者也被归为一组，即曾经吸烟者。通过问卷调查和睡眠研究得出的睡眠相关特征在这些组之间进行了比较。与从不吸烟者相比，曾经吸烟者的体重指数（BMI）、颈围和腰围显著更高，代谢和心血管合并症的发生率也更高。他们的呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）也显著高于从不吸烟者（34.4±24.6次/小时 vs. 31.7±23.6次/小时，p<0.001），并且被诊断为重度和中度OSA的频率更高（分别为50.3% vs. 46.9%和26.2% vs. 24.8%）。各组之间的爱泼沃斯嗜睡量表（ESS）（p = 0.13）没有差异。与从不吸烟者相比，曾经吸烟者在睡眠中出现说梦话（30.8% vs. 26.6%，p = 0.004）、异常动作（31.1% vs. 27.7%，p = 0.021）、睡眠不安（59.1% vs. 51.6%，p<0.001）和腿部动作（p = 0.002）的情况更频繁。这些情况在当前吸烟者中更为明显，并且与AHI的增加显著相关。这些重要发现表明存在吸烟引起的睡眠模式紊乱。
