Department of Occupational Health, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
Ind Health. 2010;48(1):29-37. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.48.29.
To evaluate the effects of cold exposure on the musculoskeletal system, two surveys on the subjective musculoskeletal symptoms among male electricians working in the buildings under construction were performed in winter (N=74) and summer seasons (N=83). A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on age, occupational career, working habit, present illness, and subjective musculoskeletal symptoms. Mean age, occupational career and daily smoking of the supervisors were significantly higher than those of the other subjects. In general, prevalence rates of stiffness, numbness, pain and Raynaud's phenomenon in the fingers, finger cold sensation, dull movement of the fingers, pain in the wrist, knee joint pain, pain and numbness in the foot and foot cold sensation in winter were significantly higher than those in summer. These results were marked especially in the workers except supervisors. In winter, there were no significant differences in the prevalence rates of subjective musculoskeletal complaints between the supervisors and the other workers. On the other hand, in summer, prevalence of stiffness and pain in the shoulder, stiffness and pain in the neck, dullness and pain in the arm, finger cold sensation, low back dullness and low back pain in the supervisors were significantly higher than those in the other workers. These results suggest that effects of cold on the musculoskeletal symptoms markedly appeared in the workers except supervisors.
为了评估寒冷暴露对肌肉骨骼系统的影响，对在建筑工地工作的男性电工在冬季（N=74）和夏季（N=83）的主观肌肉骨骼症状进行了两项调查。使用自我管理问卷收集了年龄、职业生涯、工作习惯、当前疾病和主观肌肉骨骼症状的信息。主管的平均年龄、职业生涯和每日吸烟量明显高于其他受试者。总的来说，在冬季，手指僵硬、麻木、疼痛和雷诺现象、手指发冷、手指运动迟钝、腕关节疼痛、膝关节疼痛、足部疼痛和麻木以及足部发冷的发生率明显高于夏季。这些结果在除主管外的工人中尤为明显。在冬季，主管和其他工人之间主观肌肉骨骼投诉的发生率没有显著差异。另一方面，在夏季，主管的肩部僵硬和疼痛、颈部僵硬和疼痛、手臂迟钝和疼痛、手指发冷、腰部迟钝和腰痛的发生率明显高于其他工人。这些结果表明，寒冷对肌肉骨骼症状的影响在主管以外的工人中明显出现。
