孤独且无目标：社会排斥后生活失去意义。
Alone and Without Purpose: Life Loses Meaning Following Social Exclusion.
作者信息
Stillman Tyler F, Baumeister Roy F, Lambert Nathaniel M, Crescioni A Will, Dewall C Nathan, Fincham Frank D
出版信息
J Exp Soc Psychol. 2009 Jul;45(4):686-694. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.03.007.
Abstract
Four studies (N = 643) supported the hypothesis that social exclusion would reduce the global perception of life as meaningful. Social exclusion was manipulated experimentally by having a confederate refuse to meet participants after seeing their videotaped introduction (Study 1) and by ostracizing participants in a computerized ball-tossing game (Study 2). Compared to control condition and acceptance conditions, social exclusion led to perceiving life as less meaningful. Exclusion was also operationalized as self-reported loneliness, which was a better predictor of low meaning than other potent variables (Study 3). Study 4 found support for Baumeister's model of meaning (1991), by demonstrating that the effect of exclusion on meaning was mediated by purpose, value, and positive self-worth.
摘要
四项研究（N = 643）支持了这样一种假设，即社会排斥会降低对生活意义的整体认知。在实验中，社会排斥的操控方式包括：在看到参与者的录像自我介绍后，安排一名同谋拒绝与他们见面（研究1），以及在电脑抛球游戏中排斥参与者（研究2）。与控制条件和接纳条件相比，社会排斥导致人们认为生活的意义降低。排斥也通过自我报告的孤独感来衡量，与其他重要变量相比，孤独感是低意义感的更好预测指标（研究3）。研究4通过证明排斥对意义的影响是由目标、价值观和积极的自我价值感介导的，为鲍迈斯特1991年的意义模型提供了支持。
相似文献
1
Alone and Without Purpose: Life Loses Meaning Following Social Exclusion.孤独且无目标：社会排斥后生活失去意义。
J Exp Soc Psychol. 2009 Jul;45(4):686-694. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.03.007.
2
Emotional reactivity and prosocial behaviour in response to witnessing social exclusion in adolescents with eating disorders and healthy controls.饮食失调青少年与健康对照组在目睹社会排斥时的情绪反应和亲社会行为。
J Eat Disord. 2023 Dec 14;11(1):224. doi: 10.1186/s40337-023-00927-4.
3
Almost Everyone Loses Meaning in Life From Social Exclusion, but Some More Than the Others: A Comparison Among Victims, Voluntary, and Forced Rejecters.几乎每个人都会因社会排斥而失去生活的意义，但有些人比其他人失去得更多：受害者、主动排斥者和被迫排斥者之间的比较。
Front Psychol. 2021 Jul 7;12:658648. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.658648. eCollection 2021.
4
Social Exclusion Effect on Self-Efficacy.
Psychol Rep. 2024 Jul 30:332941241269514. doi: 10.1177/00332941241269514.
5
How children's victimization relates to distorted versus sensitive social cognition: Perception, mood, and need fulfillment in response to Cyberball inclusion and exclusion.儿童受侵害与扭曲的社会认知和敏感的社会认知之间的关系：在网络抛球游戏中的被接纳与被排斥时的感知、情绪和需求满足情况。
J Exp Child Psychol. 2017 Feb;154:131-145. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2016.10.012. Epub 2016 Nov 19.
6
Chronic stress moderates the impact of social exclusion on pain tolerance: an experimental investigation.慢性应激调节社会排斥对疼痛耐受性的影响：一项实验研究。
J Pain Res. 2017 May 17;10:1155-1162. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S129872. eCollection 2017.
7
Perception of social participation in borderline personality disorder.边缘型人格障碍患者的社会参与感。
Clin Psychol Psychother. 2012 Nov-Dec;19(6):473-80. doi: 10.1002/cpp.772. Epub 2011 Aug 24.
8
Being "in" or "out" of the game: subjective and acoustic reactions to exclusion and popularity in social anxiety.处于游戏中或游戏外：社交焦虑中对排斥和受欢迎的主观和声学反应。
Front Hum Neurosci. 2014 Mar 18;8:147. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00147. eCollection 2014.
9
Brain activity associated with social exclusion overlaps with drug-related frontal-striatal circuitry in cocaine users: A pilot study.可卡因使用者中与社会排斥相关的大脑活动与药物相关的额纹状体回路重叠：一项初步研究。
Neurobiol Stress. 2018 Oct 30;10:100137. doi: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.10.005. eCollection 2019 Feb.
10
Decreased interoceptive accuracy following social exclusion.社会排斥后内感受准确性降低。
Int J Psychophysiol. 2015 Apr;96(1):57-63. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.02.020. Epub 2015 Feb 18.
引用本文的文献
1
Purpose in life and loneliness among African American women: an application of latent growth mixture modeling.非裔美国女性的生活目标与孤独感：潜在增长混合模型的应用
J Posit Psychol. 2025 May 26. doi: 10.1080/17439760.2025.2500565.
2
The neuroexistentialism of social connectedness and loneliness.社会联系与孤独的神经存在主义
Front Behav Neurosci. 2025 Jul 10;19:1544997. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2025.1544997. eCollection 2025.
3
Identifying childhood correlates of adult purpose and meaning across 22 countries (Global Flourishing Study).确定22个国家中与成人目标和意义相关的童年因素（全球繁荣研究）。
Npj Ment Health Res. 2025 Apr 30;4(1):14. doi: 10.1038/s44184-025-00127-9.
4
Systematic review of search for meaning in life assessment tools: highlighting the need for a quest for significance scale.对生活意义评估工具搜索的系统评价：强调对意义探索量表的需求。
Front Psychol. 2025 Mar 24;16:1513720. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1513720. eCollection 2025.
5
Loneliness and Associated Factors Among Senior Physicians in the U.S.美国资深医生中的孤独感及相关因素
Am J Lifestyle Med. 2025 Apr 3:15598276251331782. doi: 10.1177/15598276251331782.
6
On creativity and meaning: The intricate relationship between creativity and meaning in life and creativity as the means to repay existential debt.论创造力与意义：生活中创造力与意义之间的复杂关系以及创造力作为偿还存在性债务的方式。
Commun Integr Biol. 2025 Mar 30;18(1):2484526. doi: 10.1080/19420889.2025.2484526. eCollection 2025.
7
"Meaninglessness makes me unhappy": examining the role of a sense of alienation and life satisfaction in the relationship between the presence of meaning and depression among Chinese high school seniors.“无意义感让我不快乐”：探究疏离感和生活满意度在中国高三学生意义感的存在与抑郁之间关系中的作用。
Front Psychiatry. 2025 Feb 6;16:1494074. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1494074. eCollection 2025.
8
Proactive personality, social support and post-traumatic growth caused by COVID-19: mediating effect meaning in life in China.新冠疫情下的主动人格、社会支持与创伤后成长：中国意义对生活的中介作用。
BMC Psychol. 2024 Nov 7;12(1):634. doi: 10.1186/s40359-024-02156-z.
9
Effects of Social Exclusion on Self-Evaluation: Domain Discrepancy Based on the Big Two Model.社会排斥对自我评估的影响：基于“两大”模型的领域差异
Behav Sci (Basel). 2024 Sep 20;14(9):849. doi: 10.3390/bs14090849.
10
When alienated from society, conspiracy theory belief gives meaning to life.当与社会疏离时，阴谋论信仰赋予生命意义。
Heliyon. 2024 Jul 14;10(14):e34557. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34557. eCollection 2024 Jul 30.
本文引用的文献
1
The automatic construction of bootstrap confidence intervals.自助法置信区间的自动构建。
J Comput Graph Stat. 2020;29(3):608-619. doi: 10.1080/10618600.2020.1714633. Epub 2020 Mar 12.
2
Resampling and Distribution of the Product Methods for Testing Indirect Effects in Complex Models.复杂模型中间接效应检验乘积法的重抽样与分布
Struct Equ Modeling. 2008;15(1):23-51. doi: 10.1080/10705510701758166.
3
It's the thought that counts: The role of hostile cognition in shaping aggressive responses to social exclusion.重要的是想法：敌对认知在塑造对社会排斥的攻击性反应中的作用。
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2009 Jan;96(1):45-59. doi: 10.1037/a0013196.
4
Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models.用于评估和比较多重中介模型中间接效应的渐近和重抽样策略。
Behav Res Methods. 2008 Aug;40(3):879-91. doi: 10.3758/brm.40.3.879.
5
Social exclusion decreases prosocial behavior.社会排斥会减少亲社会行为。
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2007 Jan;92(1):56-66. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.92.1.56.
6
Does social exclusion motivate interpersonal reconnection? Resolving the "porcupine problem".社会排斥会激发人际重新建立联系吗？解决“豪猪问题”。
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2007 Jan;92(1):42-55. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.92.1.42.
7
When inclusion costs and ostracism pays, ostracism still hurts.当包容有代价而排斥有好处时，排斥仍然会造成伤害。
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2006 Nov;91(5):918-28. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.91.5.918.
8
Alone but feeling no pain: Effects of social exclusion on physical pain tolerance and pain threshold, affective forecasting, and interpersonal empathy.孤独却无痛感：社会排斥对身体疼痛耐受性、痛阈、情感预测及人际同理心的影响
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2006 Jul;91(1):1-15. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.91.1.1.
9
Cyberball: a program for use in research on interpersonal ostracism and acceptance.网络投球游戏：一个用于人际排斥与接纳研究的程序。
Behav Res Methods. 2006 Feb;38(1):174-80. doi: 10.3758/bf03192765.
10
Positive affect and the experience of meaning in life.积极情感与生活意义体验。
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2006 Jan;90(1):179-96. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.90.1.179.
Zotero 插件