Stillman Tyler F, Baumeister Roy F, Lambert Nathaniel M, Crescioni A Will, Dewall C Nathan, Fincham Frank D
J Exp Soc Psychol. 2009 Jul;45(4):686-694. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.03.007.
Four studies (N = 643) supported the hypothesis that social exclusion would reduce the global perception of life as meaningful. Social exclusion was manipulated experimentally by having a confederate refuse to meet participants after seeing their videotaped introduction (Study 1) and by ostracizing participants in a computerized ball-tossing game (Study 2). Compared to control condition and acceptance conditions, social exclusion led to perceiving life as less meaningful. Exclusion was also operationalized as self-reported loneliness, which was a better predictor of low meaning than other potent variables (Study 3). Study 4 found support for Baumeister's model of meaning (1991), by demonstrating that the effect of exclusion on meaning was mediated by purpose, value, and positive self-worth.
四项研究（N = 643）支持了这样一种假设，即社会排斥会降低对生活意义的整体认知。在实验中，社会排斥的操控方式包括：在看到参与者的录像自我介绍后，安排一名同谋拒绝与他们见面（研究1），以及在电脑抛球游戏中排斥参与者（研究2）。与控制条件和接纳条件相比，社会排斥导致人们认为生活的意义降低。排斥也通过自我报告的孤独感来衡量，与其他重要变量相比，孤独感是低意义感的更好预测指标（研究3）。研究4通过证明排斥对意义的影响是由目标、价值观和积极的自我价值感介导的，为鲍迈斯特1991年的意义模型提供了支持。
