语音形式的现实：对波特的回应。
The reality of phonological forms: a reply to Port.
作者信息
Fowler Carol A
机构信息
Haskins Laboratories, 300 George St, Suite 900, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.
出版信息
Lang Sci. 2010 Jan 1;32(1):56-59. doi: 10.1016/j.langsci.2009.10.015.
I suggest four grounds on which an argument can be made that phonological language forms are not merely emergent properties of the public language use of members of a language community. They are: 1) the existence of spontaneous errors of speech production in which whole consonants or vowels misorder or are replaced; 2) the necessary existence of language "particles" used by individual language users in order for words to be able to be coined; 3) the remarkable effectiveness of alphabetic writing systems and the tight coupling among skilled readers of orthographic and phonological language forms; 4) the finding that, by late infancy, children have discovered phonological constancies despite phonetic variation.
我提出四个论据，据此可以论证语音语言形式不仅仅是语言社区成员公共语言使用的涌现属性。它们是：1）语音产生中存在自发错误，即整个辅音或元音顺序错乱或被替换；2）个体语言使用者为了能够创造单词而必然存在的语言“粒子”；3）字母书写系统的显著有效性以及正字法和语音语言形式的熟练读者之间的紧密联系；4）研究发现，到幼儿晚期，儿童尽管存在语音变化，但已经发现了语音恒常性。
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