The Centre for Research on Inner City Health, The Kennan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 1W8.
Soc Sci Med. 2010 May;70(9):1404-15. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.11.036. Epub 2010 Feb 12.
We examined the relationship between neighborhood characteristics, parenting behaviors, experiences of intimate partner abuse or violence (IPV) and children's behavioral problems in a socioeconomically diverse sample of 383 families residing in an urban environment. Data were collected in the Fall/Winter of 2002. The census block group of residence was used as our measure of neighborhood. Census block groups typically contain 1500 residents on average. IPV was measured using a modified version of the HITS (physically Hurt, Insult, Threaten, and Screamed at) scale, a short four item tool assessing emotional and physical violence to which we added an item capturing domination or emotional control. IPV in the last year was reported by 50% of the sample with rates varying by socioeconomic position; families with the lowest and highest income reported the most IPV. Patterns of association between parenting, neighborhood and the children's behavioral problems differed for families who reported IPV in the last year compared to families who reported no IPV. While positive neighborhood characteristics such as high levels of Community Involvement with Children - based upon four scales capturing neighborhood levels of social interaction and collective socialization of children - were protective for high levels of behavioral problems among families not reporting IPV, this protective effect was not seen among families who did report IPV. Hypothesized interactions between negative neighborhood characteristics and IPV-namely that behavioral problems would be worse among families experiencing IPV in highly economically deprived or areas with negative social climates-were not supported by our data. These interactions between neighborhood factors and IPV were not explained by parental factors.
我们研究了邻里特征、养育行为、亲密伴侣虐待或暴力（IPV）经历与居住在城市环境中的 383 个家庭的儿童行为问题之间的关系。数据于 2002 年秋季/冬季收集。居住的普查块组被用作我们邻里的衡量标准。普查块组通常包含 1500 名居民。使用 HITS（身体伤害、侮辱、威胁和尖叫）量表的修改版本来衡量 IPV，这是一个简短的四项工具，评估情感和身体暴力，我们在其中添加了一个捕捉支配或情感控制的项目。在过去一年中，有 50%的样本报告了 IPV，其发生率因社会经济地位而异；收入最低和最高的家庭报告的 IPV 最多。与过去一年未报告 IPV 的家庭相比，报告 IPV 的家庭的育儿、邻里与儿童行为问题之间的关联模式有所不同。虽然积极的邻里特征，如高水平的基于四个量表的儿童社区参与度——这些量表捕捉邻里层面的社会互动和儿童集体社会化程度——可以保护未报告 IPV 的家庭免受高水平行为问题的影响，但在报告 IPV 的家庭中，这种保护作用并不明显。邻里因素和 IPV 之间的负向交互作用——即经历 IPV 的家庭在经济极度贫困或社会氛围消极的地区，行为问题会更严重——没有得到我们数据的支持。邻里因素和 IPV 之间的这些相互作用不能用父母因素来解释。
