Wilson T D, Schooler J W
Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22903-2477.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1991 Feb;60(2):181-92. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.60.2.181.
In Study 1, college students' preferences for different brands of strawberry jams were compared with experts' ratings of the jams. Students who analyzed why they felt the way they did agreed less with the experts than students who did not. In Study 2, college students' preferences for college courses were compared with expert opinion. Some students were asked to analyze reasons; others were asked to evaluate all attributes of all courses. Both kinds of introspection caused people to make choices that, compared with control subjects', corresponded less with expert opinion. Analyzing reasons can focus people's attention on nonoptimal criteria, causing them to base their subsequent choices on these criteria. Evaluating multiple attributes can moderate people's judgments, causing them to discriminate less between the different alternatives.
在研究1中，将大学生对不同品牌草莓果酱的偏好与专家对这些果酱的评分进行了比较。分析自己为何有某种感受的学生与未进行分析的学生相比，与专家的意见分歧更大。在研究2中，将大学生对大学课程的偏好与专家意见进行了比较。一些学生被要求分析原因；另一些学生被要求评估所有课程的所有属性。这两种内省方式都导致人们做出的选择与对照组相比，与专家意见的契合度更低。分析原因会使人们将注意力集中在非最优标准上，导致他们随后的选择基于这些标准。评估多个属性会缓和人们的判断，使他们对不同选项之间的区分度降低。
