Lynn S J, Milano M, Weekes J R
Psychology Department, Ohio University, Athens 45701.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1991 Feb;60(2):318-26. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.60.2.318.
Contrary to predictions, the pseudomemory rate of subjects who received prehypnotic information that hypnosis increased recall was indistinguishable from the pseudomemory rates of subjects who received information that hypnosis did not increase recall and of subjects who received no specific prehypnotic information. Indeed, by the last recall trial, none of the 47 subjects exhibited pseudomemory. Subjects exhibited faulty memory of events that actually occurred (i.e., pencils spilling), and were as uncertain of events that actually occurred, as they were of suggested events that did not occur during the session (telephone ringing). Subjects were generally consistent in their certainty, or lack of it, across events. Finally, subjects led to believe that hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness were less aware of external events, and had the lowest rate of recall of target suggestions compared with subjects in the comparison groups.
与预测相反，那些在催眠前被告知催眠能提高回忆能力的受试者的虚假记忆率，与那些被告知催眠不能提高回忆能力的受试者以及未收到特定催眠前信息的受试者的虚假记忆率没有区别。事实上，到最后一次回忆测试时，47名受试者中没有一人表现出虚假记忆。受试者对实际发生的事件（如铅笔掉落）存在错误记忆，并且对实际发生的事件和在实验过程中未发生的暗示事件（电话铃声）一样不确定。受试者在对各个事件的确定性或不确定性上总体保持一致。最后，那些被引导相信催眠是一种意识改变状态的受试者对外部事件的感知较少，与对照组的受试者相比，他们对目标暗示的回忆率最低。
