School of Behavioural and Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Ballarat, University Drive, Mount Helen, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia.
Hum Reprod. 2010 May;25(5):1089-96. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deq038. Epub 2010 Feb 19.
The majority of countries that support the use of donor insemination (DI) in artificial reproductive technology (ART) limit the number of children born from one donor. The setting of these donor limits, though intended to control for the risk of inadvertent half-sibling unions between the offspring of anonymous donors, actually have no evidence base. Controlling for the risk of inadvertent half-sibling unions may soon become unnecessary due to the increasing world-wide use of open-identity sperm donors and the revocation of donor anonymity in many countries. With the shift from anonymous to open-identity donation, the central issue is not the risk of genetic abnormality from inadvertent half-sibling consanguinity; it is the psycho-social impact of the multiple use of open-identity sperm donors. Despite this, the jurisdictions that allow or mandate the use of open-identity donors continue to observe existing limits that do not consider nor specifically control for the psycho-social impact of the multiple use of open-identity sperm donors. It is proposed that: (i) conservative interim donor limits be placed on the multiple use of open-identity donors, while research into the psycho-social impact of disclosure is undertaken to inform the establishment of evidence-based limits; and (ii) the existing limits in jurisdictions where anonymity is still commonly practiced or protected could be raised, if an updated mathematical model was used for calculating evidence-based anonymous donor limits.
大多数支持在人工生殖技术（ART）中使用供精者授精（DI）的国家都限制了一个供精者所生育的孩子数量。虽然这些供精者限制的设定旨在控制匿名供精者后代之间无意中的半同胞关系的风险，但实际上并没有证据支持。由于全世界越来越多地使用公开身份的精子供者，以及许多国家撤销了供者匿名，因此，控制无意中的半同胞关系的风险可能很快变得不必要。随着从匿名向公开身份转变，核心问题不是因无意中的半同胞血缘关系导致遗传异常的风险，而是公开身份精子供者多次使用的心理社会影响。尽管如此，允许或强制使用公开身份供者的司法管辖区仍在遵守现有的限制，这些限制既不考虑也没有特别控制公开身份精子供者多次使用的心理社会影响。建议：（i）对公开身份供者的多次使用实行保守的临时供者限制，同时进行关于披露的心理社会影响的研究，以便为制定基于证据的限制提供信息；以及（ii）如果使用更新的数学模型来计算基于证据的匿名供者限制，则可以提高在匿名仍普遍实行或受到保护的司法管辖区的现有限制。
