National Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsu, Mie, Japan.
Plant Signal Behav. 2010 Feb;5(2):196-9. doi: 10.4161/psb.5.2.11107. Epub 2010 Feb 4.
In plant cells, the genetic information required for biological activity is divided into three organelles—the nucleus, plastids and mitochondria. These organelles require tightly coordinated gene expression to accomplish the appropriate biological processes. Chloroplasts harness light energy and use it for carbon fixation in photosynthesis. However, majority of the proteins involved in photosynthesis is encoded by the nucleus genome. Thus, nuclearencoded photosynthesis-related proteins are targeted to plastids after their synthesis in the cytosol. Therefore, it is critical to regulate nuclear gene expression in response to the functional or metabolic state of the plastids; this process relies on signals from the plastids to the nucleus that are known as retrograde signals. Our genetic studies revealed that GENOMES UNCOUPLED 1 (GUN1) and Golden2-like1 (GLK1) mediate the retrograde signal that coordinates plastid protein import and nuclear gene expression. In this study, we propose a novel signaling pathway that regulates nuclear gene expression according to the rate of protein import into the plastid.
在植物细胞中，生物活性所需的遗传信息分为三个细胞器——细胞核、质体和线粒体。这些细胞器需要紧密协调的基因表达来完成适当的生物过程。叶绿体利用光能并将其用于光合作用中的碳固定。然而，光合作用中涉及的大多数蛋白质是由核基因组编码的。因此，在细胞质中合成后，核编码的光合作用相关蛋白被靶向到质体。因此，关键是要根据质体的功能或代谢状态来调节核基因表达；这个过程依赖于从质体到细胞核的信号，这些信号被称为逆行信号。我们的遗传研究表明，基因组不偶联 1（GUN1）和 Golden2-like1（GLK1）介导协调质体蛋白导入和核基因表达的逆行信号。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种新的信号通路，根据蛋白质导入质体的速度来调节核基因表达。
