Larson Aaron A, Britt M Anne, Kurby Christopher A
Northern Illinois University.
J Exp Educ. 2009 Jul 1;77(4):339. doi: 10.3200/jexe.77.4.339-366.
Evaluating the structural quality of arguments is a skill important to students' ability to comprehend the arguments of others and produce their own. The authors examined college and high school students' ability to evaluate the quality of 2-clause (claim-reason) arguments and tested a tutorial to improve this ability. These experiments indicated that college and high school students had difficulty evaluating arguments on the basis of their quality. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that a tutorial explaining skills important to overall argument evaluation increased performance but that immediate feedback during training was necessary for teaching students to evaluate the claim-reason connection. Using a Web-based version of the tutorial, Experiment 3 extended this finding to the performance of high-school students. The study suggests that teaching the structure of an argument and teaching students to pay attention to the precise message of the claim can improve argument evaluation.
评估论证的结构质量是一项对学生理解他人论证及提出自己的论证能力很重要的技能。作者考察了大学生和高中生评估双从句（主张-理由）论证质量的能力，并测试了一个旨在提高这种能力的辅导教程。这些实验表明，大学生和高中生在根据论证质量进行评估时存在困难。实验1和实验2表明，一个解释对整体论证评估很重要的技能的辅导教程提高了学生的表现，但训练期间的即时反馈对于教导学生评估主张-理由之间的联系是必要的。实验3使用该辅导教程的网络版，将这一发现扩展到了高中生的表现上。该研究表明，教授论证的结构并教导学生关注主张的确切信息可以提高论证评估能力。
