Department of Physical Education, Health, and Recreation, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Feb;25(2):497-503. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bde2cf.
The push-up is a popular upper-extremity weight-bearing exercise. However, limited information is available regarding its effectiveness. Much of the past research has focused on muscle activation levels, whereas very little has examined the forces encountered during push-up variants. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of position within the range of motion on the percentage of body mass (BM) supported by the upper extremities during the traditional and modified (knees-down) push-up. Twenty-eight highly strength-trained male subjects were positioned with their hands on a force platform in 4 static positions, consisting of the up and down position in both the traditional and modified push-up exercise. The performance measures included the average vertical ground reaction force (GRF), expressed as a percentage of BM, supported in each of the 4 static positions and the percentage of change between the up and down positions in each push-up exercise. In both the traditional and modified push-ups, subjects supported less weight in the up vs. the down position. The percentage change in % BM from the up to the down position was greater in the modified push-up variant. The pattern of resistances to the push-up exercises observed in this study may be a result of differing moment arms between the support surface contact point (knees or feet) and the hands. These results may be useful in prescribing programs for strengthening and/or rehabilitation for both the prime movers and stabilizers of the upper extremity. Further, range of motion may need to be altered to accommodate strength differences in beginners and clients rehabilitating from injury.
俯卧撑是一种流行的上肢负重运动。然而，关于它的效果的信息有限。过去的研究大多集中在肌肉激活水平上，而很少研究俯卧撑变体中遇到的力。本研究的目的是研究在运动范围内的位置对上肢在传统和改良（膝盖向下）俯卧撑中支撑的体重百分比（BM）的影响。28 名高度力量训练的男性受试者将手放在力台上，处于 4 个静态位置，包括传统和改良俯卧撑运动中的上和下位置。性能测量包括在每个静态位置中平均垂直地面反作用力（GRF），表示为 BM 的百分比，以及在每个俯卧撑运动的上和下位置之间的百分比变化。在传统和改良的俯卧撑中，受试者在上位时支撑的重量比下位时少。改良俯卧撑变体中，从上位到下位的 BM 百分比变化更大。本研究中观察到的俯卧撑练习的阻力模式可能是支撑表面接触点（膝盖或脚）和手之间的力臂不同的结果。这些结果对于上肢的主动肌和稳定肌的强化和/或康复计划可能是有用的。此外，可能需要改变运动范围以适应初学者和受伤康复客户的力量差异。
