Dhahbi Wissem, Chaouachi Anis, Dhahbi Anis Ben, Cochrane Jodie, Chèze Laurence, Burnett Angus, Chamari Karim
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2017 Feb;12(2):190-197. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2016-0063. Epub 2016 Aug 24.
To examine differences between ground-reaction-force (GRF)-based parameters collected from 5 types of plyometric push-ups. Between-trials reliability and the relationships between parameters were also assessed.
Thirty-seven highly active commando soldiers performed 3 trials of 5 variations of the plyometric push-up in a counterbalanced order: standard countermovement push-up (SCPu), standard squat push-up (SSPu), kneeling countermovement push-up (KCPu), kneeling squat push-up (KSPu), and drop-fall push-up (DFPu). Vertical GRF was measured during these exercises using a portable Kistler force plate. The GRF applied by the hands in the starting position (initial force supported), peak GRF and rate of force development during takeoff, flight time, impact force, and rate of force development impact on landing were determined.
During standard-position exercises (SCPu and SSPu) the initial force supported and impact force were higher (P < .001) than with kneeling exercises (KCPu, KSPu, and DFPu). The peak GRF and rate of force development during takeoff were higher (P < .001) in the countermovement push-up exercises ([CMP] SCPu, KCPu, and DFPu) than squat push-up exercises ([SP] SSPu and KSPu). Furthermore, the flight time was greater (P < .001) during kneeling exercises than during standard-position exercises. A significant relationship (P < .01) between impact force and the rate of force development impact was observed for CMP and SP exercises (r = .83 and r = .62, respectively). The initial force supported was also negatively related (P < .01) to the flight time for both CMP and SP (r = -.74 and r = -.80, respectively). It was revealed that the initial force supported and the peak GRF during takeoff had excellent reliability; however, other parameters had poor absolute reliability.
It is possible to adjust the intensity of plyometric push-up exercises and train athletes' muscle power by correctly interpreting GRF-based parameters. However, caution is required as some parameters had marginal absolute reliability.
研究从5种不同类型的增强式俯卧撑中收集的基于地面反作用力（GRF）的参数之间的差异。同时评估各试验间的可靠性以及参数之间的关系。
37名高活跃度的突击队员以平衡顺序对5种不同形式的增强式俯卧撑各进行3次试验：标准反向移动俯卧撑（SCPu）、标准深蹲俯卧撑（SSPu）、跪姿反向移动俯卧撑（KCPu）、跪姿深蹲俯卧撑（KSPu）和跳落式俯卧撑（DFPu）。在这些练习过程中，使用便携式奇石乐测力板测量垂直GRF。测定双手在起始位置施加的GRF（初始支撑力）、起跳过程中的峰值GRF和力发展速率、飞行时间、冲击力以及着陆时的力发展速率。
在标准姿势练习（SCPu和SSPu）中，初始支撑力和冲击力高于跪姿练习（KCPu、KSPu和DFPu）（P <.001）。反向移动俯卧撑练习（[CMP] SCPu、KCPu和DFPu）中的起跳峰值GRF和力发展速率高于深蹲俯卧撑练习（[SP] SSPu和KSPu）（P <.001）。此外，跪姿练习中的飞行时间比标准姿势练习中的更长（P <.001）。观察到在CMP和SP练习中，冲击力与着陆时的力发展速率之间存在显著关系（P <.01）（分别为r =.83和r =.62）。对于CMP和SP练习，初始支撑力与飞行时间也呈负相关（P <.01）（分别为r = -.74和r = -.80）。结果显示，初始支撑力和起跳时的峰值GRF具有出色的可靠性；然而，其他参数的绝对可靠性较差。
通过正确解读基于GRF的参数，有可能调整增强式俯卧撑练习的强度并训练运动员的肌肉力量。然而，由于一些参数的绝对可靠性有限，需要谨慎对待。
