School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, UNSW@ADFA, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
J Urban Health. 2010 Mar;87(2):155-166. doi: 10.1007/s11524-009-9433-9.
Road safety experts understand the contribution of speed to the severity and frequency of road crashes. Yet, the impact of speed on health is far more subtle and pervasive than simply its effect on road safety. The emphasis in urban areas on increasing the speed and volume of car traffic contributes to ill-health through its impacts on local air pollution, greenhouse gas production, inactivity, obesity and social isolation. In addition to these impacts, a heavy reliance on cars as a supposedly 'fast' mode of transport consumes more time and money than a reliance on supposedly slower modes of transport (walking, cycling and public transport). Lack of time is a major reason why people do not engage in healthy behaviours. Using the concept of 'effective speed', this paper demonstrates that any attempt to 'save time' through increasing the speed of motorists is ultimately futile. Paradoxically, if planners wish to provide urban residents with more time for healthy behaviours (such as exercise and preparing healthy food), then, support for the 'slower' active modes of transport should be encouraged.
道路安全专家了解速度对道路碰撞的严重程度和频率的贡献。然而，速度对健康的影响远不止于其对道路安全的影响那么简单。城市地区强调提高汽车交通的速度和流量，这通过其对当地空气污染、温室气体排放、缺乏运动、肥胖和社会隔离的影响，导致了不健康的状况。除了这些影响之外，过度依赖汽车作为一种所谓的“快速”交通工具，比依赖所谓的较慢的交通工具（步行、骑自行车和公共交通）消耗更多的时间和金钱。缺乏时间是人们不参与健康行为的一个主要原因。本文利用“有效速度”的概念表明，任何试图通过提高驾驶者的速度来“节省时间”的尝试最终都是徒劳的。矛盾的是，如果规划者希望为城市居民提供更多时间来进行健康行为（如锻炼和准备健康食品），那么应该鼓励支持“较慢”的积极交通方式。
