Rosen Howard J, Levenson Robert W
Department of Neurology, University of California, Memory and Aging Center, 350 Parnassus Ave., Suite 905, Box 1207, San Francisco, CA 94143-1207, USA.
Neurocase. 2009 Jun;15(3):173-81. doi: 10.1080/13554790902796787.
Emotional dysfunction occurs commonly in neurological disease, although the study of this phenomenon has been relatively neglected. In this introduction to the special issue of Neurocase, we review some key processes underlying normal emotional function and we link these processes to their putative neuroanatomical substrates. Emotions are multimodal phenomena involving the coordinated activation of thoughts, somatic musculature, and the autonomic system in response to shifting environmental demands. Key facets of emotional function include appraisal, reactivity, regulation, emotional understanding, and empathy. These processes are carried out via interactions between the frontal and temporal lobes and insula, and subcortical structures including the amygdala, basal ganglia, hypothalamus and brainstem. A thorough understanding of emotional dysfunction in neurological disease will require a sophisticated approach to studying emotion, which takes into account these various processes and links them to neuroanatomical changes.
情感功能障碍在神经疾病中很常见，尽管对这一现象的研究相对被忽视。在本期《神经病例》特刊的引言中，我们回顾了正常情感功能背后的一些关键过程，并将这些过程与其假定的神经解剖学基础联系起来。情感是多模态现象，涉及思维、躯体肌肉组织和自主神经系统的协同激活，以应对不断变化的环境需求。情感功能的关键方面包括评估、反应性、调节、情感理解和同理心。这些过程通过额叶、颞叶、脑岛以及包括杏仁核、基底神经节、下丘脑和脑干在内的皮质下结构之间的相互作用来实现。要全面理解神经疾病中的情感功能障碍，需要一种复杂的情感研究方法，该方法要考虑到这些不同的过程，并将它们与神经解剖学变化联系起来。
