Department of Psychology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA 17013, United States.
Psychol Health. 2009 Jan;24(1):81-93. doi: 10.1080/08870440801932656.
Research examining smokers' understanding of their smoking risk reveals that smokers acknowledge some risk but often deny or minimize personal risk. We examined risk perceptions of lung cancer among smokers and non-smokers in a smoking-lenient (Denmark) and a smoking-prohibitive (the United States) culture. Participants were 275 Danish students attending trade schools (mean age 22.6 years) and 297 US students attending community colleges in Florida (mean age 23.6 years). Results revealed cross-cultural differences suggesting that Danish smokers showed greater risk minimization than US smokers. In addition, in both countries the risk of a typical smoker was rated as lower by smokers than non-smokers, and smokers rated their personal risk as lower than they rated the risk of the typical smoker. Cross-cultural differences in moralization of smoking might be one explanation for these findings.
研究表明，吸烟者对自身吸烟风险的理解存在偏差，他们往往承认存在一定风险，但却否认或低估个人风险。本研究在吸烟宽松（丹麦）和禁止吸烟（美国）的文化背景下，对吸烟者和非吸烟者的肺癌风险认知进行了研究。参与者为 275 名丹麦贸易学校的学生（平均年龄 22.6 岁）和 297 名美国佛罗里达州社区大学的学生（平均年龄 23.6 岁）。研究结果显示，存在跨文化差异，表明丹麦吸烟者比美国吸烟者表现出更大的风险最小化倾向。此外，在这两个国家，吸烟者对典型吸烟者的风险评估都低于非吸烟者，而且吸烟者对个人风险的评估也低于对典型吸烟者风险的评估。对吸烟进行道德评判的跨文化差异可能是这些发现的一个解释。
