Schmitz Kathryn H, Speck Rebecca M
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6021, USA.
Womens Health (Lond). 2010 Mar;6(2):221-38. doi: 10.2217/whe.10.1.
Worldwide, over 1 million cases of breast cancer are diagnosed each year. In the USA, approximately 185,000 women are newly diagnosed annually. Nearly 90% of newly diagnosed cancer patients in the USA will live for 5 years beyond diagnosis and there are estimated to be 2.4 million breast cancer survivors currently living in the USA. There are unique challenges in meeting the medical needs of these survivors. Persistent impairment and increased medical risks can occur as a result of treatment, including changes to the cardiovascular, pulmonary, endocrine, immune, musculoskeletal, neurological and lymphatic systems. Physical activity can cause positive changes in each of these body systems. However, physiologic impairments and altered risks for cardiopulmonary, bone health, neurosensory and other outcomes among breast cancer survivors can cause confusion regarding the safety of returning to exercise after treatment. In this article, we review the adverse effects of cancer treatments on the body systems affected by and used to perform exercise, the risks of exercise among breast cancer survivors, the effects of exercise on persistent treatment toxicities, whether exercise may prevent recurrence or mortality, as well as providing guidance for exercise testing and prescription among breast cancer survivors.
在全球范围内，每年有超过100万例乳腺癌被确诊。在美国，每年约有18.5万名女性被新诊断出患有乳腺癌。在美国，近90%新确诊的癌症患者在确诊后能存活5年，据估计目前美国有240万乳腺癌幸存者。满足这些幸存者的医疗需求面临着独特的挑战。治疗可能会导致持续的功能障碍和医疗风险增加，包括心血管、肺部、内分泌、免疫、肌肉骨骼、神经和淋巴系统的变化。体育活动可以在这些身体系统中产生积极的变化。然而，乳腺癌幸存者的生理功能障碍以及心肺、骨骼健康、神经感觉和其他方面的风险变化，可能会让人对治疗后恢复运动的安全性感到困惑。在本文中，我们回顾了癌症治疗对受运动影响以及用于运动的身体系统的不良影响、乳腺癌幸存者运动的风险、运动对持续治疗毒性的影响、运动是否可以预防复发或死亡，以及为乳腺癌幸存者的运动测试和处方提供指导。
