Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, P.O. Box 875701, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, USA.
Trends Biotechnol. 2010 May;28(5):262-71. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2010.01.007. Epub 2010 Feb 26.
Hydrogen gas provides exceptional value as an energy carrier and industrial feedstock, but currently is produced entirely by reforming fossil fuels. Biological hydrogen production (BioH(2)), which offers the possibility of being renewable and carbon neutral, can be achieved by photosynthesis, fermentation, and microbial electrolysis cells. This review introduces the principles, advantages and challenges of each approach to BioH(2). Photosynthetic BioH(2) is the ultimate renewable source, since it directly uses inexhaustible resources: sunlight energy and electrons from H(2)O. However, it presents major technical challenges, particularly due to oxygen sensitivity. Fermentative BioH(2) offers a high production rate, but poor conversion efficiency from the organic substrate to H(2). The microbial electrolysis cell can achieve high conversion efficiency, but is an emerging technology.
氢气作为一种能源载体和工业原料具有独特的价值，但目前完全由化石燃料重整生产。生物制氢（BioH₂）具有可再生和碳中性的可能性，可以通过光合作用、发酵和微生物电解池来实现。本综述介绍了每种生物制氢方法的原理、优点和挑战。光合生物制氢是最终的可再生资源，因为它直接利用取之不尽的资源：太阳能和 H₂O 中的电子。然而，它存在重大的技术挑战，特别是由于对氧气的敏感性。发酵生物制氢具有较高的生产速率，但有机底物向 H₂的转化率较差。微生物电解池可以实现较高的转化率，但这是一种新兴技术。
