Clinical Nutrition, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 24, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
Clin Nutr. 2010 Aug;29(4):413-23. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2010.02.002. Epub 2010 Mar 2.
Optimal nutritional intakes are critical for health- and skill-related physical fitness. This review details the effect of energy restriction and supplementation on physical fitness, discusses the optimal chronic macronutrient intakes for physical fitness in exercising subjects and finally overviews the impact of short-term intakes of carbohydrate and protein, before, during and after exercise, on physical fitness of athletes. The present standings highlight that it is essential that health care givers personalize nutritional advice to meet the specific needs of exercising individuals while applying the described recommendations. It reminds the difficulty of providing straight nutritional recommendations for physical fitness on the basis of evidence-based medicine.
最佳营养摄入对于与健康和技能相关的体能至关重要。本文详细介绍了能量限制和补充对体能的影响，讨论了运动人群中体能最佳的慢性宏量营养素摄入，并综述了运动前后短期碳水化合物和蛋白质摄入对运动员体能的影响。目前的研究结果强调，医疗保健人员必须根据个体的具体需求制定个性化的营养建议，同时应用上述建议。这也提醒我们，基于循证医学为体能提供直接的营养建议具有一定难度。
