基于 DNA 甲基化的非侵入性癌症筛查生物标志物。
DNA methylation based biomarkers in non-invasive cancer screening.
机构信息
Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
出版信息
Curr Mol Med. 2010 Mar;10(2):123-32. doi: 10.2174/156652410790963303.
DNA methylation plays a critical role in the regulation of gene expression, differentiation and in the development of cancer and other diseases. Hypermethylation of CpG islands located in the promoter regions of tumor suppressor genes is now firmly established as the most frequent mechanism for gene inactivation in cancers. Feasibility of using DNA methylation based biomarkers for early detection of cancer has been shown. Potential of using DNA methylation for prediction of therapeutic outcome and patient survival has also been shown. DNA originated from cancer cells has been routinely detected in clinical specimens (ex. Plasma/serum, sputum, urine etc.) from cancer patients. Presence of methylated DNA sequences in clinical specimens and potential of using them as biomarkers have been recognized. Novel methylation based biomarkers that can be used in clinical specimens, obtained non-invasively from cancer patients, offer significant practical advantages. More resources need to be committed to this area of biomarker research. Thus, we review recent findings on DNA methylation based cancer biomarkers with particular focus on these applicable to the clinical specimens obtained non-invasively from cancer patients.
DNA 甲基化在基因表达调控、分化以及癌症和其他疾病的发生发展中起着关键作用。现在已经明确，CpG 岛在肿瘤抑制基因启动子区域的过度甲基化是基因失活的最常见机制。已经证明使用基于 DNA 甲基化的生物标志物进行癌症早期检测的可行性。也已经证明了使用 DNA 甲基化预测治疗效果和患者生存的潜力。源自癌细胞的 DNA 已在癌症患者的临床标本（如血浆/血清、痰液、尿液等）中常规检测到。已经认识到临床标本中存在甲基化 DNA 序列及其作为生物标志物的潜力。可以在临床上使用的新型基于甲基化的生物标志物，可从癌症患者无创获得，具有显著的实际优势。需要投入更多的资源来进行这一领域的生物标志物研究。因此，我们回顾了基于 DNA 甲基化的癌症生物标志物的最新发现，特别关注这些可应用于从癌症患者无创获得的临床标本。
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