Population Studies Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2009;22(4):355-62. doi: 10.2478/v10001-009-0031-6.
To investigate the potential correlation between ambient air pollution exposure and emergency department (ED) visits for depression.
A hierarchical clusters design was used to study 27 047 ED visits for depression in six cities in Canada. The data used in the analysis contain the dates of visits, daily numbers of diagnosed visits, and daily mean concentrations of air pollutants as well as the meteorological factors. The generalized linear mixed models technique was applied to data analysis. Poisson models were fitted to the clustered counts of ED visits with a single air pollutant, temperature and relative humidity.
Statistically significant positive correlations were observed between the number of ED visits for depression and the air concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (PM10). The percentage increase in daily ED visits was 15.5% (95% CI: 8.0-23.5) for CO per 0.8 ppm and 20.0% (95% CI: 13.3-27.2) for NO2 per 20.1 ppb, for same day exposure in the warm weather period (April-September). For PM10, the largest increase, 7.2% (95% CI: 3.0-11.6) per 19.4 ug/m3, was observed for the cold weather period (October-March).
The results support the hypothesis that ED visits for depressive disorder correlate with ambient air pollution, and that a large majority of this pollution results from combustion of fossil fuels (e.g. in motor vehicles).
研究环境空气污染暴露与抑郁症急诊就诊之间的潜在关联。
采用层次聚类设计研究加拿大六个城市的 27047 例抑郁症急诊就诊。用于分析的数据包含就诊日期、每日诊断就诊人数以及每日空气污染物和气象因素的平均浓度。应用广义线性混合模型技术对数据进行分析。泊松模型适用于单种空气污染物、温度和相对湿度的聚类计数的 ED 就诊。
观察到抑郁症急诊就诊人数与一氧化碳（CO）、二氧化氮（NO2）、二氧化硫（SO2）和颗粒物（PM10）的空气浓度之间存在显著的正相关关系。在温暖天气期（4 月至 9 月），CO 每增加 0.8ppm，每日 ED 就诊量增加 15.5%（95%置信区间：8.0-23.5），NO2 每增加 20.1ppb，每日 ED 就诊量增加 20.0%（95%置信区间：13.3-27.2）。对于 PM10，在寒冷天气期（10 月至 3 月），观察到最大增幅 7.2%（95%置信区间：3.0-11.6），每增加 19.4ug/m3。
结果支持这样的假设，即抑郁障碍急诊就诊与环境空气污染有关，而大部分污染来自化石燃料的燃烧（例如，机动车）。
