Department of the Environment and Agro-Biotechnologies, CRP-Gabriel Lippmann, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2010 Jun;27(6):825-35. doi: 10.1080/19440040903567232.
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is among the major causes of reduced quality in winter wheat and its products. In addition, the causal fungi produce a variety of toxins. A relatively high FHB infection rate in winter wheat was observed in 2007 and 2008 in Luxembourg. A fusariotoxin survey was carried out in 17 different geographical locations. Three groups of Fusarium mycotoxins (trichothecenes A and B and zearalenone) were analysed by a multi-detection HPLC-MS/MS method. Fusarium strains were also investigated by morphological and molecular methods. In addition, questionnaires relating to cultural practices were sent to the farmers managing the 17 fields investigated. FHB prevalence ranged from 0.3 to 65.8% (mean: 8.5%) in 2007 and from 0 to 24.5% (mean: 8.3%) in 2008. Results of morphological and molecular identification showed that the most common species isolated from diseased wheat spikes was F. graminearum (33.1%), followed by F. avenaceum (20.3%) and F. poae (17.8%). The chemical analysis revealed that 75% of the investigated fields were contaminated by deoxynivalenol (DON, range 0-8111 microg/kg). The preceding crop was highly and significantly correlated to the number of grains infected and had a significant impact on disease prevalence (p = 0.025 and 0.017, respectively, Fisher's F-test). A trend was found for maize as the preceding crop (p = 0.084, Tukey's test) to predict the amount of DON in the fields. This is the first report on the occurrence of DON and ZON in naturally infected wheat grains sampled from Luxembourg.
镰刀菌顶腐病（FHB）是导致冬小麦及其产品质量下降的主要原因之一。此外，致病真菌还会产生多种毒素。2007 年和 2008 年，卢森堡观察到冬小麦的 FHB 感染率相对较高。在 17 个不同的地理位置进行了伏马菌素调查。采用多检测 HPLC-MS/MS 方法分析了三组镰刀菌真菌毒素（三萜烯 A 和 B 以及玉米赤霉烯酮）。还通过形态学和分子方法对镰刀菌菌株进行了调查。此外，还向管理所调查的 17 个田地的农民发送了与文化实践相关的问卷。2007 年，FHB 的流行率范围为 0.3%至 65.8%（平均值：8.5%），2008 年为 0%至 24.5%（平均值：8.3%）。形态学和分子鉴定结果表明，从患病小麦穗中分离出的最常见物种是禾谷镰刀菌（33.1%），其次是燕麦镰刀菌（20.3%）和拟枝孢镰刀菌（17.8%）。化学分析显示，75%的调查田块受到脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON，范围 0-8111μg/kg）的污染。前茬作物与受感染谷物数量高度显著相关，对疾病流行有显著影响（p=0.025 和 0.017，Fisher 检验）。在前茬作物为玉米的情况下，发现了 DON 含量增加的趋势（p=0.084，Tukey 检验）。这是卢森堡自然感染的小麦谷物中首次报告 DON 和 ZON 的发生情况。
