Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques, Departement Lutte Biologique et Ressources Phytogénétiques, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
Pest Manag Sci. 2010 Jun;66(6):650-6. doi: 10.1002/ps.1924.
The toxicities of pyrethrins + rapeseed oil, pyrethrins + piperonyl butoxide (PBO), potassium salts of fatty acids and linseed oil were assessed in the laboratory on the parasitic wasp Aphidius rhopalosiphi (Destefani-Perez), the ladybird Adalia bipunctata (L.), the rove beetle Aleochara bilineata (Gyll.) and the carabid beetle Bembidion lampros (Herbst.). The methods selected were residual contact toxicity tests on inert and natural substrates.
Both the pyrethrin products led to 100% mortality in the adult parasitic wasps and ladybird larvae on glass plates and plants. The pyrethrins + PBO formulation was toxic for B. lampros on sand and natural soil, but the pyrethrins + rapeseed oil formulation was harmless for this species. Insecticidal soaps were harmless for all these beneficial species. None of the tested products significantly affected the parasitism of the onion fly pupae by A. bilineata.
The results indicated the potentially high toxicity of natural pyrethrins for beneficial arthropods. Although this toxicity needs to be confirmed in field conditions, the toxicity levels obtained in the laboratory were similar to or higher than those of several synthetic insecticides known to be toxic in the field. Insecticidal soaps could be considered as an alternative for aphid control in organic farming in terms of selectivity.
在实验室中评估了除虫菊素+菜籽油、除虫菊素+增效醚（PBO）、脂肪酸钾盐和亚麻籽油对寄生蜂蚜茧蜂（Destefani-Perez）、异色瓢虫（Adalia bipunctata）、食蚜盲蝽（Aleochara bilineata）和步甲（Bembidion lampros）的毒性。所选方法为惰性和天然基质上的残留接触毒性试验。
两种除虫菊素产品在玻璃片和植物上均导致成年寄生蜂和异色瓢虫幼虫 100%死亡。除虫菊素+PBO 制剂对沙质和天然土壤中的 B. lampros 有毒，但除虫菊素+菜籽油制剂对该物种无害。杀虫皂对所有这些有益物种均无害。测试的产品均未显著影响食蚜盲蝽对葱蝇蛹的寄生。
结果表明天然除虫菊素对有益节肢动物具有潜在的高毒性。尽管这种毒性需要在田间条件下得到证实，但在实验室中获得的毒性水平与几种已知在田间具有毒性的合成杀虫剂相似或更高。从选择性的角度来看，杀虫皂可被视为有机农业中防治蚜虫的一种替代方法。
