Birinci Fatih, Dirik Gülay
Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2010 Spring;21(1):60-7.
Realism is described as objective evaluations and judgments about the world; however, some research indicates that judgments made by "normal" people include a self-favored, positive bias in the perception of reality. Additionally, some studies report that compared to normal people, such cognitive distortions are less likely among depressive people. These findings gave rise to the depressive realism hypothesis. While results of several studies verify the notion that depressive people evaluate reality more objectively, other studies fail to support this hypothesis. Several causes for these inconsistent findings have been proposed, which can be characterized under 3 headings. One proposed explanation suggests that what is accepted as "realistic" in these studies is not quite objective and is in fact ambiguous. According to another perspective, the term "depressive" used in these studies is inconsistent with the criteria of scientific diagnostic methods. Another suggests that the research results can only be obtained under the specific experimental conditions. General negativity and limited processing are popular approaches used for explaining the depressive realism hypothesis. Nowadays, the debate over this hypothesis continues. The present review focuses on frequently cited research related to depressive realism and discusses the findings.
现实主义被描述为对世界的客观评价和判断；然而，一些研究表明，“正常”人做出的判断在对现实的认知中存在自我偏好的积极偏差。此外，一些研究报告称，与正常人相比，抑郁症患者出现这种认知扭曲的可能性较小。这些发现引发了抑郁现实主义假说。虽然几项研究的结果证实了抑郁症患者更客观地评估现实这一观点，但其他研究未能支持这一假说。针对这些不一致的发现，人们提出了几个原因，可归纳为三个方面。一种解释认为，这些研究中被视为“现实”的内容并不完全客观，实际上是模糊的。另一种观点认为，这些研究中使用的“抑郁”一词与科学诊断方法的标准不一致。还有一种观点认为，研究结果只能在特定的实验条件下获得。普遍消极和有限加工是用于解释抑郁现实主义假说的常用方法。如今，关于这一假说的争论仍在继续。本综述聚焦于与抑郁现实主义相关的常被引用的研究，并对研究结果进行讨论。
