在十个中低收入国家的研究、政策和实践之间架起桥梁：为研究人员开发和测试问卷。
Bridging the gaps among research, policy and practice in ten low- and middle-income countries: development and testing of a questionnaire for researchers.
机构信息
Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
出版信息
Health Res Policy Syst. 2010 Jan 29;8(1):4. doi: 10.1186/1478-4505-8-4.
BACKGROUND
A questionnaire could assist researchers, policymakers, and healthcare providers to describe and monitor changes in efforts to bridge the gaps among research, policy and practice. No questionnaire focused on researchers' engagement in bridging activities related to high-priority topics (or the potential correlates of their engagement) has been developed and tested in a range of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
METHODS
Country teams from ten LMICs (China, Ghana, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Laos, Mexico, Pakistan, Senegal, and Tanzania) participated in the development and testing of a questionnaire. To assess reliability we calculated the internal consistency of items within each of the ten conceptual domains related to bridging activities (specifically Cronbach's alpha). To assess face and content validity we convened several teleconferences and a workshop. To assess construct validity we calculated the correlation between scales and counts (i.e., criterion measures) for the three countries that employed both and we calculated the correlation between different but theoretically related (i.e., convergent) measures for all countries.
RESULTS
Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) for sets of related items was very high, ranging from 0.89 (0.86-0.91) to 0.96 (0.95-0.97), suggesting some item redundancy. Both face and content validity were determined to be high. Assessments of construct validity using criterion-related measures showed statistically significant associations for related measures (with gammas ranging from 0.36 to 0.73). Assessments using convergent measures also showed significant associations (with gammas ranging from 0.30 to 0.50).
CONCLUSIONS
While no direct comparison can be made to a comparable questionnaire, our findings do suggest a number of strengths of the questionnaire but also the need to reduce item redundancy and to test its capacity to monitor changes over time.
背景
问卷可以帮助研究人员、政策制定者和医疗保健提供者描述和监测缩小研究、政策和实践差距的努力变化。在一系列低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）中，尚未开发和测试过专门针对研究人员参与与高优先级主题相关的桥梁活动（或其参与的潜在相关因素）的问卷。
方法
来自十个 LMIC 的国家团队（中国、加纳、印度、伊朗、哈萨克斯坦、老挝、墨西哥、巴基斯坦、塞内加尔和坦桑尼亚）参与了问卷的制定和测试。为了评估可靠性，我们计算了与桥梁活动相关的十个概念领域内的每个项目的内部一致性（即 Cronbach 的 alpha）。为了评估表面和内容效度，我们召开了多次电话会议和一次研讨会。为了评估结构效度，我们计算了同时采用这两种方法的三个国家的量表和计数之间的相关性（即标准测量值），并计算了所有国家的不同但理论上相关（即收敛）的测量值之间的相关性。
结果
相关项目集的内部一致性（Cronbach 的 alpha）非常高，范围从 0.89（0.86-0.91）到 0.96（0.95-0.97），表明一些项目存在冗余。表面和内容效度都被认为很高。使用标准相关测量值进行结构效度评估显示，相关测量值之间存在统计学显著关联（伽玛值范围从 0.36 到 0.73）。使用收敛测量值进行的评估也显示出显著的关联（伽玛值范围从 0.30 到 0.50）。
结论
虽然不能与类似的问卷直接比较，但我们的研究结果确实表明了问卷的一些优势，但也需要减少项目冗余，并测试其随时间监测变化的能力。
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