University of Edinburgh, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems (IMNS), School of Engineering, Edinburgh, Scotland.
J Biomed Opt. 2010 Jan-Feb;15(1):017006. doi: 10.1117/1.3309737.
A new, simple, high-speed, and hardware-only integration-based fluorescence-lifetime-sensing algorithm using a center-of-mass method (CMM) is proposed to implement lifetime calculations, and its signal-to-noise-ratio based on statistics theory is also deduced. Compared to the commonly used iterative least-squares method or the maximum-likelihood-estimation-based, general purpose fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) analysis software, the proposed hardware lifetime calculation algorithm with CMM offers direct calculation of fluorescence lifetime based on the collected photon counts and timing information provided by in-pixel circuitry and therefore delivers faster analysis for real-time applications, such as clinical diagnosis. A real-time hardware implementation of this CMM FLIM algorithm suitable for a single-photon avalanche diode array in CMOS imaging technology is now proposed for implementation on field-programmable gate array. The performance of the proposed methods has been tested on Fluorescein, Coumarin 6, and 1,8-anilinonaphthalenesulfonate in water/methanol mixture.
提出了一种新的、简单的、高速的、基于硬件的荧光寿命传感算法，该算法使用质心法（CMM）实现寿命计算，并推导出了基于统计理论的信噪比。与常用的迭代最小二乘法或基于最大似然估计的通用荧光寿命成像显微镜（FLIM）分析软件相比，提出的基于 CMM 的硬件寿命计算算法直接根据像素内电路提供的光子计数和定时信息计算荧光寿命，因此可以为实时应用（如临床诊断）提供更快的分析。现在提出了一种适用于 CMOS 成像技术中单光子雪崩二极管阵列的实时硬件实现 CMM FLIM 算法，以便在现场可编程门阵列上实现。该方法的性能已经在水/甲醇混合物中的荧光素、香豆素 6 和 1,8-苯胺萘磺酸盐上进行了测试。
