Center for Cognition, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Dev Psychol. 2010 Mar;46(2):446-54. doi: 10.1037/a0016543.
This study examined the developing object knowledge of infants through their visual anticipation of action targets during action observation. Infants (6, 8, 12, 14, and 16 months) and adults watched short movies of a person using 3 different everyday objects. Participants were presented with objects being brought either to a correct or to an incorrect target location (e.g., cup to mouth, phone to ear vs. cup to ear, brush to mouth). When observing the action sequences, infants as well as adults showed anticipatory fixations to the target areas of the displayed actions. For all infant age-groups, there were differences in anticipation frequency between functional and nonfunctional object-target combinations. Adults exhibited no effect of object-target combination, possibly because they quickly learned and flexibly anticipated the target area of observed actions, even when they watched objects being brought to incorrect target areas. Infants, however, had difficulties anticipating to incorrect target locations for familiar objects. Together, these findings suggest that by 6 months of age, infants have acquired solid knowledge about objects and the actions associated with them.
本研究通过观察动作时婴儿对动作目标的视觉预期，来考察婴儿的发展物体知识。6、8、12、14 和 16 个月大的婴儿和成年人观看了一个人使用 3 种不同日常用品的短片。参与者看到物体被带到正确或错误的目标位置（例如，杯子到嘴，手机到耳朵与杯子到耳朵，刷子到嘴）。当观察动作序列时，婴儿和成年人一样，对显示动作的目标区域表现出预期的注视。对于所有婴儿年龄组，功能性和非功能性物体-目标组合之间的预期频率存在差异。成年人则没有物体-目标组合的效果，可能是因为他们很快学习并灵活地预期了观察到的动作的目标区域，即使他们看到物体被带到错误的目标区域。然而，婴儿在预期熟悉物体的错误目标位置时却遇到了困难。综上所述，这些发现表明，婴儿在 6 个月大时已经获得了关于物体及其相关动作的扎实知识。
