Zarebczan B, Chen H
Endocrine Surgery Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, WI, USA.
Minerva Chir. 2010 Feb;65(1):59-69.
Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system. There are several variants, ranging from well-differentiated cancers, such as papillary carcinomas, to poorly differentiated types, which carry a worse prognosis. Many patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancers are cured by surgical intervention alone, while others require adjuvant therapy. For those patients with more aggressive tumors, such as metastatic and anaplastic thyroid cancers, surgery rarely offers a definitive cure and alternative treatment methods such as chemotherapy do not improve survival. Due to the difficulty in treating aggressive thyroid cancers, other novel therapies are needed. In this paper, we will review current strategies for managing the various types of thyroid carcinomas. We will also address many of the studied genetic pathways and new therapeutic drug targets for treating individual thyroid malignancies.
甲状腺癌是内分泌系统最常见的恶性肿瘤。它有几种变体，从分化良好的癌症，如乳头状癌，到分化不良的类型，后者预后较差。许多分化良好的甲状腺癌患者仅通过手术干预就能治愈，而其他患者则需要辅助治疗。对于那些患有侵袭性更强的肿瘤的患者，如转移性和未分化甲状腺癌，手术很少能提供根治性治疗，而化疗等替代治疗方法也无法提高生存率。由于治疗侵袭性甲状腺癌存在困难，因此需要其他新的治疗方法。在本文中，我们将综述目前管理各种类型甲状腺癌的策略。我们还将探讨许多已研究的遗传途径以及治疗个别甲状腺恶性肿瘤的新治疗药物靶点。
